linux文件操作工具：定位文件的命令locate详解


[root@ecs-52a1 /]#
[root@ecs-52a1 /]# yum install mlocate
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mlocate.x86_64 0:0.26-8.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

==============================================================================================================================================================
 Package                               Arch                                 Version                                  Repository                          Size
==============================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 mlocate                               x86_64                               0.26-8.el7                               base                               113 k

Transaction Summary
==============================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 113 k
Installed size: 379 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
mlocate-0.26-8.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                          | 113 kB  00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : mlocate-0.26-8.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                  1/1
  Verifying  : mlocate-0.26-8.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                  1/1

Installed:
  mlocate.x86_64 0:0.26-8.el7

Complete!
[root@ecs-52a1 /]# locate --h
Usage: locate [OPTION]... [PATTERN]...
Search for entries in a mlocate database.

  -A, --all              only print entries that match all patterns
  -b, --basename         match only the base name of path names
  -c, --count            only print number of found entries
  -d, --database DBPATH  use DBPATH instead of default database (which is
                         /var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db)
  -e, --existing         only print entries for currently existing files
  -L, --follow           follow trailing symbolic links when checking file
                         existence (default)
  -h, --help             print this help
  -i, --ignore-case      ignore case distinctions when matching patterns
  -l, --limit, -n LIMIT  limit output (or counting) to LIMIT entries
  -m, --mmap             ignored, for backward compatibility
  -P, --nofollow, -H     don't follow trailing symbolic links when checking file
                         existence
  -0, --null             separate entries with NUL on output
  -S, --statistics       don't search for entries, print statistics about each
                         used database
  -q, --quiet            report no error messages about reading databases
  -r, --regexp REGEXP    search for basic regexp REGEXP instead of patterns
      --regex            patterns are extended regexps
  -s, --stdio            ignored, for backward compatibility
  -V, --version          print version information
  -w, --wholename        match whole path name (default)

Report bugs to mitr@redhat.com.

[root@ecs-52a1 /]#
[root@ecs-52a1 /]#

四、更新索引

1、首次使用

首次使用 locate 之前，或者当你需要更新索引数据库时，可以运行以下命令：

sudo updated

否则，当执行命令的时候，会出现如下错误：

2、更新索引后的效果

更新索引后，可以很快查到需要的文件，如下图所示：

五、基本用法

1、基本语法

locate [OPTION]... [PATTERN]...

查找包含特定字符串的文件名

如果想查找包含字符串 example 的所有文件，可以使用：

locate example

2、选项

locate 命令支持一些选项来调整其行为，包括：

        - -i: 忽略大小写差异。

        - -r: 使用正则表达式进行匹配。

        - -0: 输出结果以 null 字符终止，这对于包含特殊字符的文件名特别有用。

        - -b: 匹配词边界，确保匹配的是完整的单词。

        - -d: 指定使用的数据库文件。

        - -c: 显示匹配项的数量，但不显示实际文件名。