目录
一、概述
Unison 是一个非常强大的文件同步工具，它可以跨多种操作系统（如 Linux、macOS 和 Windows）在本地或远程机器之间同步文件和目录。Unison 的设计旨在高效、安全地同步文件，同时尽量减少数据传输量。Unison 支持多种网络协议，包括 SSH、RSH 和直接 TCP/IP 连接。
二、 Unison介绍
1、定义
Unison是一个开源的远程同步复制软件，能够确保两个文件夹（本地或网络上的）保持内容的一致性。
2、特点
（1）双向同步
Unison 可以检测两边文件的变化，并将变化同步到对方，从而保持两个目录树的一致性。
（2）图形界面和命令行界面
Unison 提供了一个图形界面（GTK+）和命令行界面（CLI），可以根据需要选择使用。
（3）智能冲突解决
Unison 采用了一种智能算法来解决文件冲突，可以自动选择最佳的同步选项。
（4）加密传输
Unison 支持通过 SSH 协议进行加密传输，确保数据的安全性。
（5）高效同步
Unison 通过只传输文件差异来提高同步效率。
（6）增量备份
Unison 可以实现增量备份，只同步自上次同步以来发生改变的文件。
（7）灵活的配置
Unison 允许用户自定义同步策略，例如忽略某些文件或目录，设置文件属性等。
3、应用场景
Unison适用于多种场景，包括但不限于如下场景：
（1）备份与恢复
定期同步重要文件到备份服务器，确保数据安全。
（2）云存储同步
将本地文件同步到云存储服务，实现数据的远程访问和共享。
（3）版本控制
与版本控制工具（如 Git）结合使用，实现更高效的数据管理。
（4）网站镜像
创建网站的本地镜像或同步网站内容到多个服务器。
（5）数据同步
在不同服务器之间同步数据，如数据库、日志文件等。
（6）团队协作
在团队成员之间同步项目文件，提高工作效率。
四、Unison用法
1、基本语法
Usage: unison [options]
or unison root1 root2 [options]
or unison profilename [options]
2、基本用法
（1）同步单个文件
unison source_file target_file
（2）同步目录
unison source_directory target_directory
（3）同步远程文件
unison -ssh user@host:/path/to/source /path/to/destination
-ssh 选项用于使用 SSH 协议进行远程同步。
3、常用选项
- -repeat 或 -repeat [delay]：定时重复同步任务。
- - -auto：自动运行同步，无需用户交互。
- -batch：关闭交互模式，避免用户输入。适用于脚本。
- -log：将同步日志记录到文件。
- -ignoretimes：忽略文件的时间戳，仅根据内容差异进行同步。
- -silent：静默模式，仅显示同步结果。
- -ignore：忽略特定文件或目录。
- -prefer：设置优先级，决定冲突时哪个版本被保留。
4、获取帮助
命令行中输入指令：
Unison -help
出现如下图所示的帮助信息：
三、 安装 Unison
1、Ubuntu/Debian系统
在 Ubuntu/Debian 系统上安装 Unison
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install unison
2、Fedora 系统
在 Fedora 系统上安装 Unison
sudo dnf install unison
3、CentOS/RHEL 系统
在 CentOS/RHEL 系统上安装 Unison
sudo yum install unison
实际操作结果如下：
[root@ecs-52a1 121yunwei]# unison
bash: unison: command not found
[root@ecs-52a1 121yunwei]#
[root@ecs-52a1 121yunwei]#
[root@ecs-52a1 121yunwei]#
[root@ecs-52a1 121yunwei]# cd /studyLinux/
[root@ecs-52a1 studyLinux]# ls
bash_test check_servers_ports-1.sh check_sysapp_logs.sh example1.txt.gz file.txt sysapps_backup
bzip2-test check_servers_ports.sh data.txt example.txt ln-test test
[root@ecs-52a1 studyLinux]#
[root@ecs-52a1 studyLinux]#
[root@ecs-52a1 studyLinux]#
[root@ecs-52a1 studyLinux]#
[root@ecs-52a1 studyLinux]#
[root@ecs-52a1 studyLinux]#
[root@ecs-52a1 studyLinux]# unison
bash: unison: command not found
[root@ecs-52a1 studyLinux]#
[root@ecs-52a1 studyLinux]#
[root@ecs-52a1 studyLinux]# yum install unison
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
epel | 4.3 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package unison240-gtk.x86_64 0:2.40.128-5.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: unison240 = 2.40.128-5.el7 for package: unison240-gtk-2.40.128-5.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libatk-1.0.so.0()(64bit) for package: unison240-gtk-2.40.128-5.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libcairo.so.2()(64bit) for package: unison240-gtk-2.40.128-5.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libfontconfig.so.1()(64bit) for package: unison240-gtk-2.40.128-5.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libgdk-x11-2.0.so.0()(64bit) for package: unison240-gtk-2.40.128-5.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libgdk_pixbuf-2.0.so.0()(64bit) for package: unison240-gtk-2.40.128-5.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0()(64bit) for package: unison240-gtk-2.40.128-5.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libpango-1.0.so.0()(64bit) for package: unison240-gtk-2.40.128-5.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libpangocairo-1.0.so.0()(64bit) for package: unison240-gtk-2.40.128-5.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libpangoft2-1.0.so.0()(64bit) for package: unison240-gtk-2.40.128-5.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package atk.x86_64 0:2.28.1-2.el7 will be installed
---> Package cairo.x86_64 0:1.15.12-4.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libxcb.so.1()(64bit) for package: cairo-1.15.12-4.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libxcb-shm.so.0()(64bit) for package: cairo-1.15.12-4.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libxcb-render.so.0()(64bit) for package: cairo-1.15.12-4.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libpixman-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: cairo-1.15.12-4.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libXrender.so.1()(64bit) for package: cairo-1.15.12-4.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libXext.so.6()(64bit) for package: cairo-1.15.12-4.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libX11.so.6()(64bit) for package: cairo-1.15.12-4.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libGL.so.1()(64bit) for package: cairo-1.15.12-4.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libEGL.so.1()(64bit) for package: cairo-1.15.12-4.el7.x86_64
---> Package fontconfig.x86_64 0:2.13.0-4.3.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: fontpackages-filesystem for package: fontconfig-2.13.0-4.3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: dejavu-sans-fonts for package: fontconfig-2.13.0-4.3.el7.x86_64
---> Package gdk-pixbuf2.x86_64 0:2.36.12-3.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libtiff.so.5(LIBTIFF_4.0)(64bit) for package: gdk-pixbuf2-2.36.12-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libjpeg.so.62(LIBJPEG_6.2)(64bit) for package: gdk-pixbuf2-2.36.12-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libtiff.so.5()(64bit) for package: gdk-pixbuf2-2.36.12-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libjpeg.so.62()(64bit) for package: gdk-pixbuf2-2.36.12-3.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libjasper.so.1()(64bit) for package: gdk-pixbuf2-2.36.12-3.el7.x86_64
---> Package gtk2.x86_64 0:2.24.31-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libXrandr >= 1.2.99.4-2 for package: gtk2-2.24.31-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: hicolor-icon-theme for package: gtk2-2.24.31-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: gtk-update-icon-cache for package: gtk2-2.24.31-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libXrandr.so.2()(64bit) for package: gtk2-2.24.31-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libXinerama.so.1()(64bit) for package: gtk2-2.24.31-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libXi.so.6()(64bit) for package: gtk2-2.24.31-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libXfixes.so.3()(64bit) for package: gtk2-2.24.31-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libXdamage.so.1()(64bit) for package: gtk2-2.24.31-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libXcursor.so.1()(64bit) for package: gtk2-2.24.31-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libXcomposite.so.1()(64bit) for package: gtk2-2.24.31-1.el7.x86_64
---> Package pango.x86_64 0:1.42.4-4.el7_7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libthai(x86-64) >= 0.1.9 for package: pango-1.42.4-4.el7_7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libXft(x86-64) >= 2.0.0 for package: pango-1.42.4-4.el7_7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: harfbuzz(x86-64) >= 1.4.2 for package: pango-1.42.4-4.el7_7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: fribidi(x86-64) >= 1.0 for package: pango-1.42.4-4.el7_7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libthai.so.0(LIBTHAI_0.1)(64bit) for package: pango-1.42.4-4.el7_7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libthai.so.0()(64bit) for package: pango-1.42.4-4.el7_7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libharfbuzz.so.0()(64bit) for package: pango-1.42.4-4.el7_7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libfribidi.so.0()(64bit) for package: pango-1.42.4-4.el7_7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libXft.so.2()(64bit) for package: pango-1.42.4-4.el7_7.x86_64
---> Package unison240.x86_64 0:2.40.128-5.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package dejavu-sans-fonts.noarch 0:2.33-6.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: dejavu-fonts-common = 2.33-6.el7 for package: dejavu-sans-fonts-2.33-6.el7.noarch
---> Package fontpackages-filesystem.noarch 0:1.44-8.el7 will be installed
---> Package fribidi.x86_64 0:1.0.2-1.el7_7.1 will be installed
---> Package gtk-update-icon-cache.x86_64 0:3.22.30-8.el7_9 will be installed
---> Package harfbuzz.x86_64 0:1.7.5-2.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libgraphite2.so.3()(64bit) for package: harfbuzz-1.7.5-2.el7.x86_64
---> Package hicolor-icon-theme.noarch 0:0.12-7.el7 will be installed
---> Package jasper-libs.x86_64 0:1.900.1-33.el7 will be installed
---> Package libX11.x86_64 0:1.6.7-5.el7_9 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libX11-common >= 1.6.7-5.el7_9 for package: libX11-1.6.7-5.el7_9.x86_64
---> Package libXcomposite.x86_64 0:0.4.4-4.1.el7 will be installed
---> Package libXcursor.x86_64 0:1.1.15-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package libXdamage.x86_64 0:1.1.4-4.1.el7 will be installed
---> Package libXext.x86_64 0:1.3.3-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package libXfixes.x86_64 0:5.0.3-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package libXft.x86_64 0:2.3.2-2.el7 will be installed
---> Package libXi.x86_64 0:1.7.9-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package libXinerama.x86_64 0:1.1.3-2.1.el7 will be installed
---> Package libXrandr.x86_64 0:1.5.1-2.el7 will be installed
---> Package libXrender.x86_64 0:0.9.10-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package libglvnd-egl.x86_64 1:1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libglvnd(x86-64) = 1:1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7 for package: 1:libglvnd-egl-1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mesa-libEGL(x86-64) >= 13.0.4-1 for package: 1:libglvnd-egl-1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libGLdispatch.so.0()(64bit) for package: 1:libglvnd-egl-1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7.x86_64
---> Package libglvnd-glx.x86_64 1:1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mesa-libGL(x86-64) >= 13.0.4-1 for package: 1:libglvnd-glx-1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7.x86_64
---> Package libjpeg-turbo.x86_64 0:1.2.90-8.el7 will be installed
---> Package libthai.x86_64 0:0.1.14-9.el7 will be installed
---> Package libtiff.x86_64 0:4.0.3-35.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libjbig.so.2.0()(64bit) for package: libtiff-4.0.3-35.el7.x86_64
---> Package libxcb.x86_64 0:1.13-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libXau.so.6()(64bit) for package: libxcb-1.13-1.el7.x86_64
---> Package pixman.x86_64 0:0.34.0-1.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package dejavu-fonts-common.noarch 0:2.33-6.el7 will be installed
---> Package graphite2.x86_64 0:1.3.10-1.el7_3 will be installed
---> Package jbigkit-libs.x86_64 0:2.0-11.el7 will be installed
---> Package libX11-common.noarch 0:1.6.7-5.el7_9 will be installed
---> Package libXau.x86_64 0:1.0.8-2.1.el7 will be installed
---> Package libglvnd.x86_64 1:1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7 will be installed
---> Package mesa-libEGL.x86_64 0:18.3.4-12.el7_9 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mesa-libgbm = 18.3.4-12.el7_9 for package: mesa-libEGL-18.3.4-12.el7_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libxshmfence.so.1()(64bit) for package: mesa-libEGL-18.3.4-12.el7_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libwayland-server.so.0()(64bit) for package: mesa-libEGL-18.3.4-12.el7_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libwayland-client.so.0()(64bit) for package: mesa-libEGL-18.3.4-12.el7_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libglapi.so.0()(64bit) for package: mesa-libEGL-18.3.4-12.el7_9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libgbm.so.1()(64bit) for package: mesa-libEGL-18.3.4-12.el7_9.x86_64
---> Package mesa-libGL.x86_64 0:18.3.4-12.el7_9 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libXxf86vm.so.1()(64bit) for package: mesa-libGL-18.3.4-12.el7_9.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libXxf86vm.x86_64 0:1.1.4-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package libwayland-client.x86_64 0:1.15.0-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package libwayland-server.x86_64 0:1.15.0-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package libxshmfence.x86_64 0:1.2-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package mesa-libgbm.x86_64 0:18.3.4-12.el7_9 will be installed
---> Package mesa-libglapi.x86_64 0:18.3.4-12.el7_9 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
==============================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
==============================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
unison240-gtk x86_64 2.40.128-5.el7 epel 1.2 M
Installing for dependencies:
atk x86_64 2.28.1-2.el7 base 263 k
cairo x86_64 1.15.12-4.el7 base 741 k
dejavu-fonts-common noarch 2.33-6.el7 base 64 k
dejavu-sans-fonts noarch 2.33-6.el7 base 1.4 M
fontconfig x86_64 2.13.0-4.3.el7 base 254 k
fontpackages-filesystem noarch 1.44-8.el7 base 9.9 k
fribidi x86_64 1.0.2-1.el7_7.1 base 79 k
gdk-pixbuf2 x86_64 2.36.12-3.el7 base 570 k
graphite2 x86_64 1.3.10-1.el7_3 base 115 k
gtk-update-icon-cache x86_64 3.22.30-8.el7_9 updates 27 k
gtk2 x86_64 2.24.31-1.el7 base 3.4 M
harfbuzz x86_64 1.7.5-2.el7 base 267 k
hicolor-icon-theme noarch 0.12-7.el7 base 42 k
jasper-libs x86_64 1.900.1-33.el7 base 150 k
jbigkit-libs x86_64 2.0-11.el7 base 46 k
libX11 x86_64 1.6.7-5.el7_9 updates 607 k
libX11-common noarch 1.6.7-5.el7_9 updates 165 k
libXau x86_64 1.0.8-2.1.el7 base 29 k
libXcomposite x86_64 0.4.4-4.1.el7 base 22 k
libXcursor x86_64 1.1.15-1.el7 base 30 k
libXdamage x86_64 1.1.4-4.1.el7 base 20 k
libXext x86_64 1.3.3-3.el7 base 39 k
libXfixes x86_64 5.0.3-1.el7 base 18 k
libXft x86_64 2.3.2-2.el7 base 58 k
libXi x86_64 1.7.9-1.el7 base 40 k
libXinerama x86_64 1.1.3-2.1.el7 base 14 k
libXrandr x86_64 1.5.1-2.el7 base 27 k
libXrender x86_64 0.9.10-1.el7 base 26 k
libXxf86vm x86_64 1.1.4-1.el7 base 18 k
libglvnd x86_64 1:1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7 base 89 k
libglvnd-egl x86_64 1:1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7 base 44 k
libglvnd-glx x86_64 1:1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7 base 125 k
libjpeg-turbo x86_64 1.2.90-8.el7 base 135 k
libthai x86_64 0.1.14-9.el7 base 187 k
libtiff x86_64 4.0.3-35.el7 base 172 k
libwayland-client x86_64 1.15.0-1.el7 base 33 k
libwayland-server x86_64 1.15.0-1.el7 base 39 k
libxcb x86_64 1.13-1.el7 base 214 k
libxshmfence x86_64 1.2-1.el7 base 7.2 k
mesa-libEGL x86_64 18.3.4-12.el7_9 updates 110 k
mesa-libGL x86_64 18.3.4-12.el7_9 updates 166 k
mesa-libgbm x86_64 18.3.4-12.el7_9 updates 39 k
mesa-libglapi x86_64 18.3.4-12.el7_9 updates 46 k
pango x86_64 1.42.4-4.el7_7 base 280 k
pixman x86_64 0.34.0-1.el7 base 248 k
unison240 x86_64 2.40.128-5.el7 epel 103 k
Transaction Summary
==============================================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+46 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 12 M
Installed size: 40 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
dejavu-sans-fonts-2.33-6.el7.n FAILED
http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/dejavu-sans-fonts-2.33-6.el7.noarch.rpm: [Errno 14] curl#6 - "Could not resolve host: mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com; Unknown error"
Trying other mirror.
cairo-1.15.12-4.el7.x86_64.rpm FAILED
http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/cairo-1.15.12-4.el7.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 14] curl#6 - "Could not resolve host: mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com; Unknown error"
Trying other mirror.
(1/47): dejavu-fonts-common-2.33-6.el7.noarch.rpm | 64 kB 00:00:00
(2/47): fontpackages-filesystem-1.44-8.el7.noarch.rpm | 9.9 kB 00:00:00
(3/47): atk-2.28.1-2.el7.x86_64.rpm | 263 kB 00:00:00
(4/47): fribidi-1.0.2-1.el7_7.1.x86_64.rpm | 79 kB 00:00:00
(5/47): graphite2-1.3.10-1.el7_3.x86_64.rpm | 115 kB 00:00:00
(6/47): gtk-update-icon-cache-3.22.30-8.el7_9.x86_64.rpm | 27 kB 00:00:00
(7/47): gdk-pixbuf2-2.36.12-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 570 kB 00:00:00
(8/47): harfbuzz-1.7.5-2.el7.x86_64.rpm | 267 kB 00:00:00
(9/47): hicolor-icon-theme-0.12-7.el7.noarch.rpm | 42 kB 00:00:00
(10/47): jasper-libs-1.900.1-33.el7.x86_64.rpm | 150 kB 00:00:00
(11/47): jbigkit-libs-2.0-11.el7.x86_64.rpm | 46 kB 00:00:00
(12/47): libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 29 kB 00:00:00
(13/47): libXcomposite-0.4.4-4.1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 22 kB 00:00:00
(14/47): libXcursor-1.1.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 30 kB 00:00:00
(15/47): libX11-common-1.6.7-5.el7_9.noarch.rpm | 165 kB 00:00:00
(16/47): libXdamage-1.1.4-4.1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 20 kB 00:00:00
(17/47): libXext-1.3.3-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 39 kB 00:00:00
(18/47): libXfixes-5.0.3-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 18 kB 00:00:00
(19/47): libXft-2.3.2-2.el7.x86_64.rpm | 58 kB 00:00:00
(20/47): libX11-1.6.7-5.el7_9.x86_64.rpm | 607 kB 00:00:00
(21/47): libXi-1.7.9-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 40 kB 00:00:00
(22/47): libXinerama-1.1.3-2.1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 14 kB 00:00:00
(23/47): libXrandr-1.5.1-2.el7.x86_64.rpm | 27 kB 00:00:00
(24/47): libXrender-0.9.10-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 26 kB 00:00:00
(25/47): libXxf86vm-1.1.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 18 kB 00:00:00
(26/47): libglvnd-1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7.x86_64.rpm | 89 kB 00:00:00
(27/47): libglvnd-egl-1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7.x86_64.rpm | 44 kB 00:00:00
(28/47): libglvnd-glx-1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7.x86_64.rpm | 125 kB 00:00:00
(29/47): gtk2-2.24.31-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 3.4 MB 00:00:01
(30/47): libjpeg-turbo-1.2.90-8.el7.x86_64.rpm | 135 kB 00:00:00
(31/47): libthai-0.1.14-9.el7.x86_64.rpm | 187 kB 00:00:00
(32/47): libtiff-4.0.3-35.el7.x86_64.rpm | 172 kB 00:00:00
(33/47): libwayland-client-1.15.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 33 kB 00:00:00
(34/47): libwayland-server-1.15.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 39 kB 00:00:00
(35/47): libxshmfence-1.2-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 7.2 kB 00:00:00
(36/47): libxcb-1.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 214 kB 00:00:00
(37/47): mesa-libEGL-18.3.4-12.el7_9.x86_64.rpm | 110 kB 00:00:00
(38/47): mesa-libGL-18.3.4-12.el7_9.x86_64.rpm | 166 kB 00:00:00
(39/47): mesa-libgbm-18.3.4-12.el7_9.x86_64.rpm | 39 kB 00:00:00
(40/47): mesa-libglapi-18.3.4-12.el7_9.x86_64.rpm | 46 kB 00:00:00
(41/47): pixman-0.34.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 248 kB 00:00:00
(42/47): pango-1.42.4-4.el7_7.x86_64.rpm | 280 kB 00:00:00
(43/47): unison240-2.40.128-5.el7.x86_64.rpm | 103 kB 00:00:00
(44/47): cairo-1.15.12-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 741 kB 00:00:00
(45/47): dejavu-sans-fonts-2.33-6.el7.noarch.rpm | 1.4 MB 00:00:00
(46/47): unison240-gtk-2.40.128-5.el7.x86_64.rpm | 1.2 MB 00:00:00
fontconfig-2.13.0-4.3.el7.x86_ FAILED
http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/fontconfig-2.13.0-4.3.el7.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/fontconfig-2.13.0-4.3.el7.x86_64.rpm: (28, 'Connection timed out after 30001 milliseconds')
Trying other mirror.
(47/47): fontconfig-2.13.0-4.3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 254 kB 00:00:00
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 392 kB/s | 12 MB 00:00:30
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : mesa-libglapi-18.3.4-12.el7_9.x86_64 1/47
Installing : libjpeg-turbo-1.2.90-8.el7.x86_64 2/47
Installing : atk-2.28.1-2.el7.x86_64 3/47
Installing : libxshmfence-1.2-1.el7.x86_64 4/47
Installing : 1:libglvnd-1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7.x86_64 5/47
Installing : fontpackages-filesystem-1.44-8.el7.noarch 6/47
Installing : libwayland-server-1.15.0-1.el7.x86_64 7/47
Installing : mesa-libgbm-18.3.4-12.el7_9.x86_64 8/47
Installing : dejavu-fonts-common-2.33-6.el7.noarch 9/47
Installing : dejavu-sans-fonts-2.33-6.el7.noarch 10/47
Installing : fontconfig-2.13.0-4.3.el7.x86_64 11/47
Installing : jasper-libs-1.900.1-33.el7.x86_64 12/47
Installing : graphite2-1.3.10-1.el7_3.x86_64 13/47
Installing : harfbuzz-1.7.5-2.el7.x86_64 14/47
Installing : libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7.x86_64 15/47
Installing : libxcb-1.13-1.el7.x86_64 16/47
Installing : jbigkit-libs-2.0-11.el7.x86_64 17/47
Installing : libtiff-4.0.3-35.el7.x86_64 18/47
Installing : pixman-0.34.0-1.el7.x86_64 19/47
Installing : libX11-common-1.6.7-5.el7_9.noarch 20/47
Installing : libX11-1.6.7-5.el7_9.x86_64 21/47
Installing : libXext-1.3.3-3.el7.x86_64 22/47
Installing : libXrender-0.9.10-1.el7.x86_64 23/47
Installing : libXfixes-5.0.3-1.el7.x86_64 24/47
Installing : gdk-pixbuf2-2.36.12-3.el7.x86_64 25/47
Installing : libXdamage-1.1.4-4.1.el7.x86_64 26/47
Installing : gtk-update-icon-cache-3.22.30-8.el7_9.x86_64 27/47
Installing : libXcursor-1.1.15-1.el7.x86_64 28/47
Installing : libXft-2.3.2-2.el7.x86_64 29/47
Installing : libXrandr-1.5.1-2.el7.x86_64 30/47
Installing : libXi-1.7.9-1.el7.x86_64 31/47
Installing : libXinerama-1.1.3-2.1.el7.x86_64 32/47
Installing : libXxf86vm-1.1.4-1.el7.x86_64 33/47
Installing : 1:libglvnd-glx-1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7.x86_64 34/47
Installing : mesa-libGL-18.3.4-12.el7_9.x86_64 35/47
Installing : libXcomposite-0.4.4-4.1.el7.x86_64 36/47
Installing : libthai-0.1.14-9.el7.x86_64 37/47
Installing : fribidi-1.0.2-1.el7_7.1.x86_64 38/47
Installing : hicolor-icon-theme-0.12-7.el7.noarch 39/47
Installing : libwayland-client-1.15.0-1.el7.x86_64 40/47
Installing : 1:libglvnd-egl-1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7.x86_64 41/47
Installing : mesa-libEGL-18.3.4-12.el7_9.x86_64 42/47
Installing : cairo-1.15.12-4.el7.x86_64 43/47
Installing : pango-1.42.4-4.el7_7.x86_64 44/47
Installing : gtk2-2.24.31-1.el7.x86_64 45/47
Installing : unison240-2.40.128-5.el7.x86_64 46/47
Installing : unison240-gtk-2.40.128-5.el7.x86_64 47/47
Verifying : libXext-1.3.3-3.el7.x86_64 1/47
Verifying : libXi-1.7.9-1.el7.x86_64 2/47
Verifying : fontconfig-2.13.0-4.3.el7.x86_64 3/47
Verifying : gdk-pixbuf2-2.36.12-3.el7.x86_64 4/47
Verifying : libXinerama-1.1.3-2.1.el7.x86_64 5/47
Verifying : libXrender-0.9.10-1.el7.x86_64 6/47
Verifying : 1:libglvnd-glx-1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7.x86_64 7/47
Verifying : libXxf86vm-1.1.4-1.el7.x86_64 8/47
Verifying : libwayland-server-1.15.0-1.el7.x86_64 9/47
Verifying : libXcursor-1.1.15-1.el7.x86_64 10/47
Verifying : libwayland-client-1.15.0-1.el7.x86_64 11/47
Verifying : unison240-gtk-2.40.128-5.el7.x86_64 12/47
Verifying : gtk2-2.24.31-1.el7.x86_64 13/47
Verifying : hicolor-icon-theme-0.12-7.el7.noarch 14/47
Verifying : pango-1.42.4-4.el7_7.x86_64 15/47
Verifying : fontpackages-filesystem-1.44-8.el7.noarch 16/47
Verifying : libtiff-4.0.3-35.el7.x86_64 17/47
Verifying : dejavu-fonts-common-2.33-6.el7.noarch 18/47
Verifying : libX11-1.6.7-5.el7_9.x86_64 19/47
Verifying : fribidi-1.0.2-1.el7_7.1.x86_64 20/47
Verifying : libthai-0.1.14-9.el7.x86_64 21/47
Verifying : unison240-2.40.128-5.el7.x86_64 22/47
Verifying : libxcb-1.13-1.el7.x86_64 23/47
Verifying : libXft-2.3.2-2.el7.x86_64 24/47
Verifying : mesa-libGL-18.3.4-12.el7_9.x86_64 25/47
Verifying : 1:libglvnd-1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7.x86_64 26/47
Verifying : libX11-common-1.6.7-5.el7_9.noarch 27/47
Verifying : libjpeg-turbo-1.2.90-8.el7.x86_64 28/47
Verifying : harfbuzz-1.7.5-2.el7.x86_64 29/47
Verifying : mesa-libglapi-18.3.4-12.el7_9.x86_64 30/47
Verifying : dejavu-sans-fonts-2.33-6.el7.noarch 31/47
Verifying : libXrandr-1.5.1-2.el7.x86_64 32/47
Verifying : pixman-0.34.0-1.el7.x86_64 33/47
Verifying : jbigkit-libs-2.0-11.el7.x86_64 34/47
Verifying : cairo-1.15.12-4.el7.x86_64 35/47
Verifying : libXcomposite-0.4.4-4.1.el7.x86_64 36/47
Verifying : mesa-libgbm-18.3.4-12.el7_9.x86_64 37/47
Verifying : libxshmfence-1.2-1.el7.x86_64 38/47
Verifying : libXau-1.0.8-2.1.el7.x86_64 39/47
Verifying : 1:libglvnd-egl-1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7.x86_64 40/47
Verifying : gtk-update-icon-cache-3.22.30-8.el7_9.x86_64 41/47
Verifying : jasper-libs-1.900.1-33.el7.x86_64 42/47
Verifying : graphite2-1.3.10-1.el7_3.x86_64 43/47
Verifying : libXdamage-1.1.4-4.1.el7.x86_64 44/47
Verifying : libXfixes-5.0.3-1.el7.x86_64 45/47
Verifying : atk-2.28.1-2.el7.x86_64 46/47
Verifying : mesa-libEGL-18.3.4-12.el7_9.x86_64 47/47
Installed:
unison240-gtk.x86_64 0:2.40.128-5.el7
Dependency Installed:
atk.x86_64 0:2.28.1-2.el7 cairo.x86_64 0:1.15.12-4.el7 dejavu-fonts-common.noarch 0:2.33-6.el7
dejavu-sans-fonts.noarch 0:2.33-6.el7 fontconfig.x86_64 0:2.13.0-4.3.el7 fontpackages-filesystem.noarch 0:1.44-8.el7
fribidi.x86_64 0:1.0.2-1.el7_7.1 gdk-pixbuf2.x86_64 0:2.36.12-3.el7 graphite2.x86_64 0:1.3.10-1.el7_3
gtk-update-icon-cache.x86_64 0:3.22.30-8.el7_9 gtk2.x86_64 0:2.24.31-1.el7 harfbuzz.x86_64 0:1.7.5-2.el7
hicolor-icon-theme.noarch 0:0.12-7.el7 jasper-libs.x86_64 0:1.900.1-33.el7 jbigkit-libs.x86_64 0:2.0-11.el7
libX11.x86_64 0:1.6.7-5.el7_9 libX11-common.noarch 0:1.6.7-5.el7_9 libXau.x86_64 0:1.0.8-2.1.el7
libXcomposite.x86_64 0:0.4.4-4.1.el7 libXcursor.x86_64 0:1.1.15-1.el7 libXdamage.x86_64 0:1.1.4-4.1.el7
libXext.x86_64 0:1.3.3-3.el7 libXfixes.x86_64 0:5.0.3-1.el7 libXft.x86_64 0:2.3.2-2.el7
libXi.x86_64 0:1.7.9-1.el7 libXinerama.x86_64 0:1.1.3-2.1.el7 libXrandr.x86_64 0:1.5.1-2.el7
libXrender.x86_64 0:0.9.10-1.el7 libXxf86vm.x86_64 0:1.1.4-1.el7 libglvnd.x86_64 1:1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7
libglvnd-egl.x86_64 1:1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7 libglvnd-glx.x86_64 1:1.0.1-0.8.git5baa1e5.el7 libjpeg-turbo.x86_64 0:1.2.90-8.el7
libthai.x86_64 0:0.1.14-9.el7 libtiff.x86_64 0:4.0.3-35.el7 libwayland-client.x86_64 0:1.15.0-1.el7
libwayland-server.x86_64 0:1.15.0-1.el7 libxcb.x86_64 0:1.13-1.el7 libxshmfence.x86_64 0:1.2-1.el7
mesa-libEGL.x86_64 0:18.3.4-12.el7_9 mesa-libGL.x86_64 0:18.3.4-12.el7_9 mesa-libgbm.x86_64 0:18.3.4-12.el7_9
mesa-libglapi.x86_64 0:18.3.4-12.el7_9 pango.x86_64 0:1.42.4-4.el7_7 pixman.x86_64 0:0.34.0-1.el7
unison240.x86_64 0:2.40.128-5.el7
Complete!
[root@ecs-52a1 studyLinux]#
[root@ecs-52a1 studyLinux]#
[root@ecs-52a1 studyLinux]#
[root@ecs-52a1 studyLinux]#
[root@ecs-52a1 studyLinux]#
[root@ecs-52a1 studyLinux]# unison
Usage: unison [options]
or unison root1 root2 [options]
or unison profilename [options]
For a list of options, type "unison -help".
For a tutorial on basic usage, type "unison -doc tutorial".
For other documentation, type "unison -doc topics".
[root@ecs-52a1 studyLinux]#
可以看出，开始unison命令系统找不到，通过yum安装以后，可以正常使用了。
4、Arch Linux 系统
在 Arch Linux 系统上安装 Unison
sudo pacman -S unison
四、使用 Unison
1、 启动 Unison
（1）图形界面
unison &
启动图形界面
（2） 命令行界面
unison -batch &
启动命令行界面
2、 配置同步
（1）创建同步配置文件
unison -prefer new & 创建一个新的配置文件
Unison 会启动一个向导来引导你创建一个配置文件。
（2）编辑配置文件
编辑 /etc/unison/default.prf 文件（或根据提示创建的配置文件），设置要同步的目录和远程主机信息。
（3）示例配置
ini
root = /path/to/local/directory
root = ssh://username@remote.host/path/to/remote/directory
prefer = newer
ignore = Name .
ignore = Name ~
这个配置文件告诉 Unison 同步 /path/to/local/directory 和远程主机上的 /path/to/remote/directory，并且忽略隐藏文件和临时文件。
3、 运行同步
（1）通过命令行运行
unison -auto /path/to/config/file
（2）通过图形界面运行
打开 Unison 图形界面。
选择要同步的配置文件。
点击“Run”按钮开始同步。
五、常见问题
（1）如何解决 Unison 无法找到远程主机的问题？
- 确保远程主机的 SSH 服务正常运行。
- 确认 SSH 密钥认证配置正确。
- 检查防火墙设置，确保 SSH 端口开放。
（2）如何排除特定文件或目录？
在配置文件中使用 ignore 命令来排除不需要同步的文件或目录。
（3）如何解决 Unison 同步速度慢的问题？
- 检查网络连接。
- 使用增量备份功能。
- 减少要同步的文件数量。
六、 总结
Unison 是一个非常强大且灵活的文件同步工具，适合个人和企业使用。无论是简单的本地同步还是复杂的跨平台同步，Unison 都能胜任。通过配置文件和命令行选项，可以轻松定制同步策略，以满足工作上的特定需求。
unison 也是一个非常实用的文件同步工具，适用于多种场景。通过合理配置和利用其丰富的选项，可以实现高效、安全的数据同步。
文章正下方可以看到我的联系方式：鼠标“点击” 下面的 “威迪斯特-就是video system 微信名片”字样，就会出现我的二维码，欢迎沟通探讨。
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