实验拓扑:![](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/direct/e6c35d6af5c14fcf987266196d877dda.png)
一,实验要求:
1、R6为ISP,接口IP地址均为公有地址,该设备只能配置IP地址,之后不能再对其进行任何配置;
2、R1-R5为局域网,私有IP地址192.168.1.0/24,请合理分配;
3、R1、R2、R4,各有两个环回IP地址;R5,R6各有一个环回地址;所有路由器上环回均代表连接用户的接口;
4、R3下面的两台PC通过DHCP自动获取IP地址;
5、选路最佳,路由表尽量小,避免环路;
6、R1-R5均可以访问R6的环回;
7、R6 telnet R5的公有地址时,实际登录到R1上;
8、R4与R5正常通过1000M链路,故障时通过100m链路;
二,实验基本思路:
(1)网段划分,先划分广播域合理划分网段:可将网段划分6个网段,再取其中一个网段再划分六个网段作为骨干链路的网段(节约地址),其余网段再划分两个环回网段(存在两个环回网段的):
网段划分:
骨干链路:192.168.1.0000 0000 192.168.1.0/27
再划分六个网段:
192.168.1.0000 0000 192.168.1.0/30
192.168.1.0000 0100 192.168.1.4/30
192.168.1.0000 1000 192.168.1.8/30
192.168.1.0000 1100 192.168.1.12/30
192.168.1.0001 0000 192.168.1.16/30
192.168.1.0001 0100 192.168.1.20/30
......
直连链路:192.168.1.0010 0000 192.168.1.32/27------>192.168.1.32/28 , 192.168.1.48/28
192.168.1.0100 0000 192.168.1.64/27------>192.168.1.32/28 , 192.168.1.48/28
192.168.1.0110 0000 192.168.1.96/27
192.168.1.1000 0000 192.168.1.128/27------>192.168.1.32/28 , 192.168.1.48/28
192.168.1.1010 0000 192.168.1.160/27
192.168.1.1100 0000 192.168.1.172/27 (数量足够不再需要这两个网段)
192.168.1.1110 0000 192.168.1.204/27
网段信息分配(如下图所示):
(2)路由表子网汇总:实验要求路由表尽量小,则需要将路由器中下一条相同的路由条目进行汇总,并在缺省路由上配置空路由避免环路的产生。
(3)涉及的相应服务配置或技术:DHCP服务配置,telnet服务配置,nat地址转换技术
三,实验操作过程:
(1)配置IP地址:
AR1:
[r1]inter LoopBack 0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.33 28
[r1-LoopBack0]quit
[r1]inter LoopBack 1
[r1-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.49 28
[r1-LoopBack1]quit
[r1]inter g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 30
[r1]inter g0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.9 30
[r1]display ip interface brief
AR2:
[r2]inter LoopBack 0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.65 28
[r2]inter LoopBack 1
[r2-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.81 28
[r2]inter g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.2 30
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]inter g 0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.5 30
[r2]display ip interface brief
AR3:
[r3]inter g0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.10 30
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]inter g 0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.13 30
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]inter g 0/0/2
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.97 27
<r3>display ip interface brief
AR4:
[r4]inter LoopBack 0
r4-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.129 28
[r4]inter LoopBack 1
[r4-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.145 28
[r4]inter g 0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.6 30
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]inter g 0/0/1
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.14 30
r4]inter g 0/0/2
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.17 30
r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]inter g4/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.21 30
[r4]display ip interface brief
AR5:
[r5]inter LoopBack 0
[r5-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.161 27
[r5]inter g0/0/0
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.18 30
[r5]inter g 0/0/2
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.22 30
[r5]inter g0/0/1
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 12.0.0.1 24
AR6:
[r6]inter LoopBack 0
[r6-LoopBack0]ip address 1.1.1.1 24
[r6]inter g0/0/0
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 12.0.0.2 24
(2)DHCP配置以及Telnet配置
DHCP配置(AR3):
[r3]dhcp enable
[r3-ip-pool-aa]network 192.168.1.96 mask 27
[r3-ip-pool-aa]gateway-list 192.168.1.97
[r3-ip-pool-aa]dns-list 114.114.114.114 8.8.8.8
[r3]inter g 0/0/2
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dhcp select global
//再在pc端ipv4中勾选dhcp自动获取IP地址,以及自动获取dns
Telnet配置(AR1):
[r1]aaa
[r1-aaa]local-user wangdaye password cipher wangdaye123 privilege level 15
[r1-aaa]local-user wangdaye service-type telnet
[r1]user-interface vty 0 4
[r1-ui-vty0-4]authentication-mode aaa
(3)私网全网通//配置路由条目
AR1:
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.10
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.10
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10
AR2:
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.1
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.6
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.6
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.6
AR3:
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.14
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.14
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.14
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.14
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.14
AR4:
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.18
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 192.168.1.22 preference 61//设置优先级,实现第8个问题,下面同理
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.13
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5
AR5:
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
ping测试(成功):
(4)NAT转换实现私网可访问公网
首先将AR1-4各配置一条缺省路由使其最终指向AR5,使私网访问公网时信息都可以发送到AR5(并不知道公网实际地址),并在其路由上配置NULL 0的路由条目避免产生环路:
AR1:
[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0
AR2:
[r2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0
AR3:
[r3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 NULL 0
AR4:
[r4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18
[r4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 61
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 NULL 0
AR5:
[r5]ip route-static 1.1.1.0 24 12.0.0.2
通过ACL抓取流,再通过NAT转换:
AR5:
[r5]acl 2000
[r5-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[r5]inter g 0/0/1
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]traffic-filter outbound acl 2000
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat outbound 2000
ping测试(成功):
(5)Telnet 登录转换:
[r5]inter g 0/0/1
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]nat server protocol tcp global current-interface 23 ins
ide 192.168.1.1 23
telnet测试: