Java中Springboot工程使用Jpa或者Mybatis，彻底搞懂Entity、Dao、Dto、Mapper

使用JPA

一、概念

Entity：表示数据库中的表，映射到Java类。

DAO：用于封装对数据库的访问逻辑。

DTO：用于在层之间传输数据。

二、关联

Entity类直接与数据库表映射，是持久化类，通常用JPA注解标识。一个Entity类对应数据库中的一张表。

DAO接口或类包含CRUD操作，用于操作Entity对象，与数据库交互。

DTO类是数据传输对象，用于将数据在不同层（例如，服务层和控制层）之间传递，通常不包含业务逻辑，仅包含数据。一般用于前后端分离架构，封装返回给前端数据格式，也减少网络的数据传输。

Entity类如何书写

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;

@Entity
public class User {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;

    private String username;
    private String password;

    // Getters and Setters
}

DAO接口如何书写

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> {
    User findByUsername(String username);
}

DTO类如何书写

public class UserDTO {
    private Long id;
    private String username;

    // Getters and Setters
}

服务层使用DAO和DTO

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class UserService {
    @Autowired
    private UserRepository userRepository;

    public UserDTO getUserByUsername(String username) {
        User user = userRepository.findByUsername(username);
        UserDTO userDTO = new UserDTO();
        userDTO.setId(user.getId());
        userDTO.setUsername(user.getUsername());
        return userDTO;
    }
}

使用Mybatis

一、概念

1. Entity：同样是与数据库表映射的Java类。
2. DAO：对应的是MyBatis的Mapper接口，定义SQL映射。
3. DTO：用于在层之间传输数据，和JPA中相同。

Entity类如何书写

public class User {
    private Long id;
    private String username;
    private String password;

    // Getters and Setters
}

Mapper接口（DAO）如何书写

import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.*;

public interface UserMapper {
    @Select("SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = #{username}")
    User findByUsername(@Param("username") String username);

    @Insert("INSERT INTO users(username, password) VALUES(#{username}, #{password})")
    @Options(useGeneratedKeys = true, keyProperty = "id")
    void insertUser(User user);
}

Mapper XML文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.example.mapper.UserMapper">

    <select id="findByUsername" parameterType="String" resultType="com.example.entity.User">
        SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = #{username}
    </select>

    <insert id="insertUser" parameterType="com.example.entity.User">
        INSERT INTO users(username, password) VALUES(#{username}, #{password})
        <selectKey keyProperty="id" resultType="Long" order="AFTER">
            SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID()
        </selectKey>
    </insert>

</mapper>

DTO类如何书写

public class UserDTO {
    private Long id;
    private String username;

    // Getters and Setters
}

服务层使用Mapper和DTO

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class UserService {
    @Autowired
    private UserMapper userMapper;

    public UserDTO getUserByUsername(String username) {
        User user = userMapper.findByUsername(username);
        UserDTO userDTO = new UserDTO();
        userDTO.setId(user.getId());
        userDTO.setUsername(user.getUsername());
        return userDTO;
    }
}