Vue插槽是一种特殊的语法,用于在组件中定义可复用的模板部分。它允许开发者在组件的标记中声明一个或多个插槽,然后在使用该组件时,可以根据自己的需求将内容插入到这些插槽中。
Vue插槽分为默认插槽和具名插槽两种。
目录
默认插槽
语法
- 组件内需要自定义的结构部分,改用<slot></slot>占位
- 使用组件时,<MyDialog></MyDialog>标签内部,传入结构替换slot
案例
要在页面中显示一个对话框,封装成一个组件,组件内容能够自定义
MyDialog.vue
<template>
<div class="dialog">
<div class="dialog-header">
<h3>友情提示</h3>
<span class="close">✖️</span>
</div>
<div class="dialog-content">
<!-- 1. 在需要定制的位置,使用slot占位 -->
<slot></slot>
</div>
<div class="dialog-footer">
<button>取消</button>
<button>确认</button>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
data () {
return {
}
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
.dialog {
width: 470px;
height: 230px;
padding: 0 25px;
background-color: #ffffff;
margin: 40px auto;
border-radius: 5px;
}
.dialog-header {
height: 70px;
line-height: 70px;
font-size: 20px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
position: relative;
}
.dialog-header .close {
position: absolute;
right: 0px;
top: 0px;
cursor: pointer;
}
.dialog-content {
height: 80px;
font-size: 18px;
padding: 15px 0;
}
.dialog-footer {
display: flex;
justify-content: flex-end;
}
.dialog-footer button {
width: 65px;
height: 35px;
background-color: #ffffff;
border: 1px solid #e1e3e9;
cursor: pointer;
outline: none;
margin-left: 10px;
border-radius: 3px;
}
.dialog-footer button:last-child {
background-color: #007acc;
color: #fff;
}
</style>
App.vue
<template>
<div>
<!-- 2. 在使用组件时,组件标签内填入内容 -->
<MyDialog>
<div>你确认要删除么</div>
</MyDialog>
<MyDialog>
<p>你确认要退出么</p>
</MyDialog>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import MyDialog from './components/MyDialog.vue'
export default {
data () {
return {
}
},
components: {
MyDialog
}
}
</script>
<style>
body {
background-color: #b3b3b3;
}
</style>
main.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
Vue.config.productionTip = false
new Vue({
render: h => h(App),
}).$mount('#app')
后备内容 (默认值)
设置插槽默认显示内容
语法
在<slot>标签内,放置内容,作为默认显示内容
外部使用组件时,不传内容,则会显示后备内容,否则后备内容被替换
案例
MyDialog.vue
<template>
<div class="dialog">
<div class="dialog-header">
<h3>友情提示</h3>
<span class="close">✖️</span>
</div>
<div class="dialog-content">
<!-- 往slot标签内部,编写内容,可以作为后备内容(默认值) -->
<slot>
我是默认的文本内容
</slot>
</div>
<div class="dialog-footer">
<button>取消</button>
<button>确认</button>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
data () {
return {
}
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
.dialog {
width: 470px;
height: 230px;
padding: 0 25px;
background-color: #ffffff;
margin: 40px auto;
border-radius: 5px;
}
.dialog-header {
height: 70px;
line-height: 70px;
font-size: 20px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
position: relative;
}
.dialog-header .close {
position: absolute;
right: 0px;
top: 0px;
cursor: pointer;
}
.dialog-content {
height: 80px;
font-size: 18px;
padding: 15px 0;
}
.dialog-footer {
display: flex;
justify-content: flex-end;
}
.dialog-footer button {
width: 65px;
height: 35px;
background-color: #ffffff;
border: 1px solid #e1e3e9;
cursor: pointer;
outline: none;
margin-left: 10px;
border-radius: 3px;
}
.dialog-footer button:last-child {
background-color: #007acc;
color: #fff;
}
</style>
App.vue
<template>
<div>
<MyDialog></MyDialog>
<MyDialog>
你确认要退出么
</MyDialog>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import MyDialog from './components/MyDialog.vue'
export default {
data () {
return {
}
},
components: {
MyDialog
}
}
</script>
<style>
body {
background-color: #b3b3b3;
}
</style>
main.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
Vue.config.productionTip = false
new Vue({
render: h => h(App),
}).$mount('#app')
具名插槽
默认插槽只有一个定制位置
具名插槽支持多个定制位置
语法
- 多个<slot>标签使用name属性区分名字
- template配合v-slot:名字来分发对应标签
- v-slot:可以简化成#
案例
MyDialog.vue
<template>
<div class="dialog">
<div class="dialog-header">
<!-- 一旦插槽起了名字,就是具名插槽,只支持定向分发 -->
<slot name="head"></slot>
</div>
<div class="dialog-content">
<slot name="content"></slot>
</div>
<div class="dialog-footer">
<slot name="footer"></slot>
</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
data () {
return {
}
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
.dialog {
width: 470px;
height: 230px;
padding: 0 25px;
background-color: #ffffff;
margin: 40px auto;
border-radius: 5px;
}
.dialog-header {
height: 70px;
line-height: 70px;
font-size: 20px;
border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
position: relative;
}
.dialog-header .close {
position: absolute;
right: 0px;
top: 0px;
cursor: pointer;
}
.dialog-content {
height: 80px;
font-size: 18px;
padding: 15px 0;
}
.dialog-footer {
display: flex;
justify-content: flex-end;
}
.dialog-footer button {
width: 65px;
height: 35px;
background-color: #ffffff;
border: 1px solid #e1e3e9;
cursor: pointer;
outline: none;
margin-left: 10px;
border-radius: 3px;
}
.dialog-footer button:last-child {
background-color: #007acc;
color: #fff;
}
</style>
App.vue
<template>
<div>
<MyDialog>
<!-- 需要通过template标签包裹需要分发的结构,包成一个整体 -->
<template v-slot:head>
<div>我是大标题</div>
</template>
<template v-slot:content>
<div>我是内容</div>
</template>
<template #footer>
<button>取消</button>
<button>确认</button>
</template>
</MyDialog>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import MyDialog from './components/MyDialog.vue'
export default {
data () {
return {
}
},
components: {
MyDialog
}
}
</script>
<style>
body {
background-color: #b3b3b3;
}
</style>
main.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
Vue.config.productionTip = false
new Vue({
render: h => h(App),
}).$mount('#app')
作用域插槽
给插槽绑定数据
案例
封装表格组件
- 父传子,动态渲染表格内容
- 利用默认插槽,定制操作列
MyTable.vue
<template>
<table class="my-table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>序号</th>
<th>姓名</th>
<th>年纪</th>
<th>操作</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr v-for="(item, index) in data" :key="item.id">
<td>{{ index + 1 }}</td>
<td>{{ item.name }}</td>
<td>{{ item.age }}</td>
<td>
<!-- 1. 给slot标签,添加属性的方式传值 -->
<slot :row="item" msg="测试文本"></slot>
<!-- 2. 将所有的属性,添加到一个对象中 -->
<!--
{
row: { id: 2, name: '孙大明', age: 19 },
msg: '测试文本'
}
-->
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</template>
<script>
export default {
props: {
data: Array
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
.my-table {
width: 450px;
text-align: center;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
font-size: 24px;
margin: 30px auto;
}
.my-table thead {
background-color: #1f74ff;
color: #fff;
}
.my-table thead th {
font-weight: normal;
}
.my-table thead tr {
line-height: 40px;
}
.my-table th,
.my-table td {
border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
border-right: 1px solid #ccc;
}
.my-table td:last-child {
border-right: none;
}
.my-table tr:last-child td {
border-bottom: none;
}
.my-table button {
width: 65px;
height: 35px;
font-size: 18px;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
outline: none;
border-radius: 3px;
cursor: pointer;
background-color: #ffffff;
margin-left: 5px;
}
</style>
App.vue
<template>
<div>
<MyTable :data="list">
<!-- 3. 通过template #插槽名="变量名" 接收 -->
<template #default="obj">
<button @click="del(obj.row.id)">
删除
</button>
</template>
</MyTable>
<MyTable :data="list2">
<template #default="{ row }">
<button @click="show(row)">查看</button>
</template>
</MyTable>
</div>
</template>
<script>
import MyTable from './components/MyTable.vue'
export default {
data () {
return {
list: [
{ id: 1, name: '张小花', age: 18 },
{ id: 2, name: '孙大明', age: 19 },
{ id: 3, name: '刘德忠', age: 17 },
],
list2: [
{ id: 1, name: '赵小云', age: 18 },
{ id: 2, name: '刘蓓蓓', age: 19 },
{ id: 3, name: '姜肖泰', age: 17 },
]
}
},
methods: {
del (id) {
this.list = this.list.filter(item => item.id !== id)
},
show (row) {
// console.log(row);
alert(`姓名:${row.name}; 年纪:${row.age}`)
}
},
components: {
MyTable
}
}
</script>
main.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
Vue.config.productionTip = false
new Vue({
render: h => h(App),
}).$mount('#app')