postgresql-patroni高可用安装部署

简介

patroni+etcd,算是目前比较主流的PG高可用搭配了。
patroni都出4.0版本了,一直没时间，断断续续写了好久，最近有人问到，那就当作一个笔记发表吧，自行搭建一个测试库做测试吧。来来回回改了好几遍。文中可能不妨地方没有同步修改的遗漏点。

集群规划

hostname/ip	部署软件	备注	配置
etcd1/10.0.0.131	etcd	dcs一致性保障	2G 2C
etcd2/10.0.0.132	etcd	dcs一致性保障	2G 2C
etcd3/10.0.0.133	etcd	dcs一致性保障	2G 2C
patroni1/10.0.0.134	pg+patroni	数据库高可用、自动failover	4G 2C
patroni2/10.0.0.135	pg+patroni	数据库高可用、自动failover	4G 2C
patroni3/10.0.0.136	pg+patroni	数据库高可用、自动failover	4G 2C
haproxy/10.0.0.137	HAProxy	负载均衡	2G 2C
10.0.0.138		vip

基础操作所有节点关闭防火墙、ssh通信配置、postgres用户组添加、selinux临时关闭、hostname配置、IP映射文件hosts配置本文不再赘述。
同步服务器时区

## 生产机器请用对应的时间同步工具进行时间同步
sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai

etcd安装

可以通过ETCD下载地址进行下载安装包，也可以通过yum install etcd 进行安装。本文使用yum源安装方式进行演示。读者自行下载对应的yum安装包

yum install etcd -y
etcd --version 

使用centos7 yum 安装默认的etcd版本是3.3.11
本文使用源码包进行安装

配置etcd.conf文件内容

yum 安装的ETCD 其配置文件路径默认存放在 /etc/etcd/etcd.conf

cp  /etc/etcd/etcd.conf  /etc/etcd/etcd.conf_bak
vim  /etc/etcd/etcd.conf

本文演示一下源码安装部署方式，配置文件的变量名称有所不同， etcd节点同步以下操作

tar -zxvf etcd-v3.5.15-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /etc
cd /etc/etcd-v3.5.15-linux-amd64/
mv etcd-v3.5.15-linux-amd64/   etcd/

配置环境变量

## vim /etc/profile
export ETCD=/etcd/etcd/
PATH=$ETCD:$PATH

加载环境变量 测试环境变量是否生效

[root@vm132 ~]# source /etc/profile
[root@vm132 ~]# etcd -version 
etcd Version: 3.5.15
Git SHA: 9a5533382
Go Version: go1.21.12
Go OS/Arch: linux/amd64
[root@vm132 ~]# etcdctl  version 
etcdctl version: 3.5.15
API version: 3.5
[root@vm132 ~]# 

以下是在使用yum 安装的时候 官网的一个etcd.conf模板，在etcd的最新版本中不再支持以下变量名称，3.3版本的ETCD还可以将以下变量创建环境变量编排进/etcd/profile文件中，在3.5版本不再支持该环境变量的设置方法。

[root@vm132 etcd-v3.5.15-linux-amd64]# cat etcd.conf 
#[Member]
#ETCD_CORS=""
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
#ETCD_WAL_DIR=""
#ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="http://localhost:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="http://localhost:2379"
#ETCD_MAX_SNAPSHOTS="5"
#ETCD_MAX_WALS="5"
ETCD_NAME="default"
#ETCD_SNAPSHOT_COUNT="100000"
#ETCD_HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL="100"
#ETCD_ELECTION_TIMEOUT="1000"
#ETCD_QUOTA_BACKEND_BYTES="0"
#ETCD_MAX_REQUEST_BYTES="1572864"
#ETCD_GRPC_KEEPALIVE_MIN_TIME="5s"
#ETCD_GRPC_KEEPALIVE_INTERVAL="2h0m0s"
#ETCD_GRPC_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT="20s"
#
#[Clustering]
#ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="http://localhost:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="http://localhost:2379"
#ETCD_DISCOVERY=""
#ETCD_DISCOVERY_FALLBACK="proxy"
#ETCD_DISCOVERY_PROXY=""
#ETCD_DISCOVERY_SRV=""
#ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="default=http://localhost:2380"
#ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
#ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
#ETCD_STRICT_RECONFIG_CHECK="true"
#ETCD_ENABLE_V2="true"
#
#[Proxy]
#ETCD_PROXY="off"
#ETCD_PROXY_FAILURE_WAIT="5000"
#ETCD_PROXY_REFRESH_INTERVAL="30000"
#ETCD_PROXY_DIAL_TIMEOUT="1000"
#ETCD_PROXY_WRITE_TIMEOUT="5000"
#ETCD_PROXY_READ_TIMEOUT="0"
#
#[Security]
#ETCD_CERT_FILE=""
#ETCD_KEY_FILE=""
#ETCD_CLIENT_CERT_AUTH="false"
#ETCD_TRUSTED_CA_FILE=""
#ETCD_AUTO_TLS="false"
#ETCD_PEER_CERT_FILE=""
#ETCD_PEER_KEY_FILE=""
#ETCD_PEER_CLIENT_CERT_AUTH="false"
#ETCD_PEER_TRUSTED_CA_FILE=""
#ETCD_PEER_AUTO_TLS="false"
#
#[Logging]
#ETCD_DEBUG="false"
#ETCD_LOG_PACKAGE_LEVELS=""
#ETCD_LOG_OUTPUT="default"
#
#[Unsafe]
#ETCD_FORCE_NEW_CLUSTER="false"
#
#[Version]
#ETCD_VERSION="false"
#ETCD_AUTO_COMPACTION_RETENTION="0"
#
#[Profiling]
#ETCD_ENABLE_PPROF="false"
#ETCD_METRICS="basic"
#
#[Auth]
#ETCD_AUTH_TOKEN="simple"

这里变量名称在不同版本有所不同，以下是3.5版本官方给出的参考配置文档内容，并给出了可能的参数以及参数解释
本文使用的是3.5版本安装。

# This is the configuration file for the etcd server.

# Human-readable name for this member.
name: 'default'

# Path to the data directory.
data-dir:

# Path to the dedicated wal directory.
wal-dir:

# Number of committed transactions to trigger a snapshot to disk.
snapshot-count: 10000

# Time (in milliseconds) of a heartbeat interval.
heartbeat-interval: 100

# Time (in milliseconds) for an election to timeout.
election-timeout: 1000

# Raise alarms when backend size exceeds the given quota. 0 means use the
# default quota.
quota-backend-bytes: 0

# List of comma separated URLs to listen on for peer traffic.
listen-peer-urls: http://localhost:2380

# List of comma separated URLs to listen on for client traffic.
listen-client-urls: http://localhost:2379

# Maximum number of snapshot files to retain (0 is unlimited).
max-snapshots: 5

# Maximum number of wal files to retain (0 is unlimited).
max-wals: 5

# Comma-separated white list of origins for CORS (cross-origin resource sharing).
cors:

# List of this member's peer URLs to advertise to the rest of the cluster.
# The URLs needed to be a comma-separated list.
initial-advertise-peer-urls: http://localhost:2380

# List of this member's client URLs to advertise to the public.
# The URLs needed to be a comma-separated list.
advertise-client-urls: http://localhost:2379

# Discovery URL used to bootstrap the cluster.
discovery:

# Valid values include 'exit', 'proxy'
discovery-fallback: 'proxy'

# HTTP proxy to use for traffic to discovery service.
discovery-proxy:

# DNS domain used to bootstrap initial cluster.
discovery-srv:

# Comma separat