C++封装、继承、多态的应用---职工管理系统

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-04 11:10:43 发布

置顶 FightingLod

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-04 11:10:43 发布

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分类专栏：嵌入式Qt开发C++编程文章标签： c++ 开发语言 qt vscode

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_73497355/article/details/139905983

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C++封装、继承、多态的应用—职工管理系统

1.需求分析

可以实现不同职工（老板、经理、员工）的增、删、改、查，以及对员工按职工编号进行排序，同时实现增删改查功能和文件的交互。
在主菜单界面显示：增加职工、显示、删除、修改、查找、排序、清空和退出系统的功能。如下图：
在这里插入图片描述

2.抽象类的建立

2.1抽象基类

class Base {
public:
    int num;
    std::string name;
    std::string job;
    virtual void addPerson(int  &num, std::string &name, std::string &job) = 0;
    virtual void deletePerson(int &num) = 0;
};

基类中定义了老板类、经理类、员工类的共同属性，将增加操作的函数声明为纯虚函数，使基类无法实例化对象，同时需要在派生类中重写基类的纯虚函数，否则派生类也为抽象类，无法实例化对象。

2.2员工类

class Staff : public Base {
public:
    std::string duty = "完成经理交给的任务";
    void addPerson(int &num, std::string &name, std::string &job) override ;
    void deletePerson(int &num) override ;
};

员工类继承基类的属性，同时也拥有自己独一无二的职责属性duty。

2.3经理类

class Manager : public Base {
public:
    std::string duty = "完成老板交给的任务，并下发给员工";
    void addPerson(int &num, std::string &name, std::string &job) override ;
    void deletePerson(int &num) override ;
};

2.4老板类

class Boss : public Base {
public:
    std::string duty = "管理公司所有事务";
    void addPerson(int &num, std::string &name, std::string &job) override ;
    void deletePerson(int &num) override ;
};

员工、经理和老板类都继承了基类中共同的属性，同时重写了基类的纯虚函数，使用了继承和多态的技术。

2.5存储类

class SaveList {
public:
    int num{};
    Staff staff[100];
    Manager manager[100];
    Boss boss[100];
};

存储类来实现不同职工信息的存储。

3.抽象类的实现

#include "myClass.h"


void Staff::addPerson(int &num, std::string &name, std::string &job) {
    this->num = num;
    this->name = name;
    this->job = job;
}

void Staff::deletePerson(int &num) {
    num = 0;
}

void Manager::addPerson(int &num, std::string &name, std::string &job) {
    this->num = num;
    this->name = name;
    this->job = job;
}

void Manager::deletePerson(int &num) {
    num = 0;
}

void Boss::addPerson(int &num, std::string &name, std::string &job) {
    this->num = num;
    this->name = name;
    this->job = job;
}
void Boss::deletePerson(int &num) {
    num = 0;
}

通过在头文件中声明类的成员函数，在源文件实现成员函数，提高代码的可读性和易维护性。

4.功能函数的实现

4.1菜单功能的实现

void printMode()
{
    cout << "1.增加职工信息" << endl;
    cout << "2.显示职工信息" << endl;
    cout << "3.删除职工信息" << endl;
    cout << "4.修改职工信息" << endl;
    cout << "5.查找职工信息" << endl;
    cout << "6.排序职工信息" << endl;
    cout << "7.清空职工信息" << endl;
    cout << "0.退出系统" << endl;
    cout << "请选择(0-7): ";
}

通过cout实现简易的菜单界面。

4.2增加职工功能函数实现

void addEmp(SaveList &saveList)
{
    auto *staff = new Staff();
    auto *manager = new Manager();
    auto *boss = new Boss();
    int num = 0;
    string name;
    string job;
    cout << "请输入职工信息：" << endl;
    cout << "请输入职工编号：";
    cin >> num;
    cout << "请输入职工姓名：";
    cin >> name;
    cout << "请输入职工职位：";
    cin >> job;
    if (job == "经理")
    {
        manager->addPerson(num, name, job);
        saveList.manager[saveList.num] = *manager;
        saveList.num++;
        file.open("data.txt", ios::app);
        for (int i = 0; i < saveList.num; i++) {
            if (saveList.manager[i].num != 0) {
                file << saveList.manager[i].num << " " << saveList.manager[i].name << " " << saveList.manager[i].job
                    << " " << saveList.manager[i].duty << endl;
            }
        }
        file.close();
    }
    else if (job == "老板")
    {
        boss->addPerson(num, name, job);
        saveList.boss[saveList.num] = *boss;
        saveList.num++;
        file.open("data.txt", ios::app);
        for (int i = 0; i < saveList.num; i++) {
            if (saveList.boss[i].num != 0) {
                file << saveList.boss[i].num << " " << saveList.boss[i].name << " " << saveList.boss[i].job
                        << " " << saveList.boss[i].duty << endl;
            }
        }
        file.close();
    }
    else if (job == "员工")
    {
        staff->addPerson(num, name, job);
        saveList.staff[saveList.num] = *staff;
        saveList.num++;
        file.open("data.txt", ios::app);
        for (int i = 0; i < saveList.num; i++)
        {
            if (saveList.staff[i].num != 0){
                file << saveList.staff[i].num << " " << saveList.staff[i].name << " " << saveList.staff[i].job  << " " << saveList.staff[i].duty << endl;
            }
        }
        file.close();
    }
}

增加职工通过调用不同类的成员函数，增加不同岗位的职工，同时将不同岗位的职工数据存入各自的存储数组中，同时打开文件，将写文件方式设置为app（追加模式）解决每次写文件时对上次内容覆盖的问题。

4.2显示职工功能函数实现

void showEmp(SaveList &saveList)
{
    if (saveList.num == 0)
    {
        cout << "没有职工信息" << endl;
    }
    else
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < saveList.num; i++)
        {
            if (saveList.manager[i].num != 0){
                cout << "职工编号：" << saveList.manager[i].num << "\t\t";
                cout << "职工姓名：" << saveList.manager[i].name << "\t\t";
                cout << "职工职位：" << saveList.manager[i].job << "\t\t";
                cout << "职工职责：" << saveList.manager[i].duty << endl;
            }
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < saveList.num; i++)
        {
            if (saveList.boss[i].num != 0){
                cout << "职工编号：" << saveList.boss[i].num << "\t\t";
                cout << "职工姓名：" << saveList.boss[i].name << "\t\t";
                cout << "职工职位：" << saveList.boss[i].job << "\t\t";
                cout << "职工职责：" << saveList.boss[i].duty << endl;
            }
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < saveList.num; i++)
        {
            if (saveList.staff[i].num != 0){
                cout << "职工编号：" << saveList.staff[i].num << "\t\t";
                cout << "职工姓名：" << saveList.staff[i].name << "\t\t";
                cout << "职工职位：" << saveList.staff[i].job << "\t\t";
                cout << "职工职责：" << saveList.staff[i].duty << endl;
            }
        }
    }
}

对不同存储数组进行遍历，将内容输出。

4.3删除职工功能函数实现

void deleteEmp(SaveList &saveList)
{
    if (saveList.num == 0)
    {
        cout << "没有职工信息" << endl;
    }
    else
    {
        int num;
        cout << "请输入要删除的职工编号：";
        cin >> num;
        for (int i = 0; i < saveList.num; i++)
        {
            if (saveList.manager[i].num == num)
            {
                saveList.manager[i].num = 0;
                saveList.manager[i].name = "";
                saveList.num--;
            }
            if (saveList.boss[i].num == num)
            {
                saveList.boss[i].num = 0;
                saveList.boss[i].name = "";
                saveList.num--;
            }
            if (saveList.staff[i].num == num)
            {
                saveList.staff[i].num = 0;
                saveList.staff[i].name = "";
                saveList.num--;
            }
        }
    }
}

从显示函数部分知道，遍历每个数组时，会剔除编号为0的职工信息，故只需将职工的编号置为0实现这部分职工不显示，从侧面实现职工删除。

4.4修改信息功能函数实现

void modifyEmp(SaveList &saveList)
{
    auto *boss = new Boss();
    auto *staff = new Staff();
    auto *manager = new Manager();
    if (saveList.num == 0)
    {
        cout << "没有职工信息" << endl;
    }
    else
    {
        int num;
        cout << "请输入要修改的职工编号：";
        cin >> num;
        for (int i = 0; i < saveList.num; i++)
        {
            if (saveList.manager[i].num == num)
            {
                cout << "请输入职工姓名：";
                cin >> saveList.manager[i].name;
                cout << "请输入职工职位：";
                cin >> saveList.manager[i].job;
                if (saveList.manager[i].job == "老板"){
                    num = saveList.manager[i].num;
                    boss->addPerson(num, saveList.manager[i].name, saveList.manager[i].job);
                    saveList.boss[saveList.num] = *boss;
                    saveList.manager[i].num = 0;
                    saveList.num++;
                    return;
                }
                if (saveList.manager[i].job == "员工"){
                    staff->addPerson(num, saveList.manager[i].name, saveList.manager[i].job);
                    saveList.staff[saveList.num] = *staff;
                    saveList.manager[i].num = 0;
                    saveList.num++;
                    return;
                }
            }
            if (saveList.boss[i].num == num)
            {
                cout << "请输入职工姓名：";
                cin >> saveList.boss[i].name;
                cout << "请输入职工职位：";
                cin >> saveList.boss[i].job;
                if (saveList.boss[i].job == "经理"){
                    manager->addPerson(num, saveList.boss[i].name, saveList.boss[i].job);
                    saveList.manager[saveList.num] = *manager;
                    saveList.num++;
                    return;
                }
                if (saveList.boss[i].job == "员工"){
                    staff->addPerson(num, saveList.boss[i].name, saveList.boss[i].job);
                    saveList.staff[saveList.num] = *staff;
                    saveList.num++;
                    return;
                }
            }
            if (saveList.staff[i].num == num)
            {
                cout << "请输入职工姓名：";
                cin >> saveList.staff[i].name;
                cout << "请输入职工职位：";
                cin >> saveList.staff[i].job;
                if (saveList.staff[i].job == "经理"){
                    manager->addPerson(num, saveList.staff[i].name, saveList.staff[i].job);
                    saveList.manager[saveList.num]= *manager;
                    saveList.num++;
                    return;
                }
                if (saveList.staff[i].job == "老板"){
                    boss->addPerson(num, saveList.staff[i].name, saveList.staff[i].job);
                    saveList.boss[saveList.num] = *boss;
                    saveList.num++;
                    return;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

在修改信息的过程中，如果修改的内容不包括岗位时，只需要对原始数据进行覆盖操作，但修改岗位时，事实上此时应该将数据更改存储位置，以保证默认值duty可以正确输出，所以可以认为修改岗位时相当于为其他岗位增加了一个成员，使本岗位减少了一个成员。

4.5查找职工功能函数实现

void findEmp(SaveList &saveList)
{
    if (saveList.num == 0)
    {
        cout << "没有职工信息" << endl;
    }
    else
    {
        int num;
        cout << "请输入要查找的职工编号：";
        cin >> num;
        for (int i = 0; i < saveList.num; i++)
        {
            if (saveList.manager[i].num == num)
            {
                cout << "职工编号：" << saveList.manager[i].num << "\t\t";
                cout << "职工姓名：" << saveList.manager[i].name << "\t\t";
                cout << "职工职位：" << saveList.manager[i].job << "\t\t";
                cout << "职工职责：" << saveList.manager[i].duty << endl;
            }
            if (saveList.boss[i].num == num)
            {
                cout << "职工编号：" << saveList.boss[i].num << "\t\t";
                cout << "职工姓名：" << saveList.boss[i].name << "\t\t";
                cout << "职工职位：" << saveList.boss[i].job << "\t\t";
                cout << "职工职责：" << saveList.boss[i].duty << endl;
            }
            if (saveList.staff[i].num == num)
            {
                cout << "职工编号：" << saveList.staff[i].num << "\t\t";
                cout << "职工姓名：" << saveList.staff[i].name << "\t\t";
                cout << "职工职位：" << saveList.staff[i].job << "\t\t";
                cout << "职工职责：" << saveList.staff[i].duty << endl;
            }
        }
    }
}

通过遍历每个存储数组，将存储内容输出。

4.6职工排序功能函数实现

void sortEmp(SaveList &saveList)
{
    if (saveList.num == 0)
    {
        cout << "没有职工信息" << endl;
    }
    else
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < saveList.num; i++)
        {
            for (int j = 0; j < saveList.num - i - 1; j++)
            {
                if (saveList.manager[j].num > saveList.manager[j + 1].num)
                {
                    swap(saveList.manager[j], saveList.manager[j + 1]);
                }
                if (saveList.boss[j].num > saveList.boss[j + 1].num)
                {
                    swap(saveList.boss[j], saveList.boss[j + 1]);
                }
                if (saveList.staff[j].num > saveList.staff[j + 1].num)
                {
                    swap(saveList.staff[j], saveList.staff[j + 1]);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

通过冒泡排序将职工按编号进行升序排列（编号小的先显示）。

4.7清除信息功能函数实现

void deleteAll(SaveList &saveList)
{
    if (saveList.num == 0)
    {
        cout << "没有职工信息" << endl;
    }
    else
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < saveList.num; i++)
        {
            saveList.manager[i].num = 0;
            saveList.boss[i].num = 0;
            saveList.staff[i].num = 0;
        }
        saveList.num = 0;
        file.open("data.txt", ios::out);
        file << " " << endl;
        file.close();
    }
}

参考删除职工的操作，将所有信息“清除”，同时以普通模式向文件中写入空格，覆盖原来的信息。

5.主函数

#include <iostream>
#include "myFunc.h"
#include "myClass.h"
using namespace std;

int mode = 1;
string str;

int main() {
    SaveList saveList;
    while (mode != 0){
        printMode();
        cin >> mode;
        switch (mode) {
            case 1:
                label:
                addEmp(saveList);
                cout << "是否继续添加："
                     << "1.继续添加"
                     << "2.退出" << endl;
                cin >> str;
                if (str == "2") {
                    break;
                }
                if (str == "1"){
                    goto label;
                }
            case 2:
                label2:
                showEmp(saveList);
                cout << "是否继续查看："
                     << "1.继续查看"
                     << "2.退出" << endl;
                cin >> str;
                if (str == "2") {
                    break;
                }
                if (str == "1"){
                    goto label2;
                }
            case 3:
                label3:
                deleteEmp(saveList);
                cout << "是否继续删除："
                     << "1.继续删除"
                     << "2.退出" << endl;
                cin >> str;
                if (str == "2") {
                    break;
                }
                if (str == "1"){
                    goto label3;
                }
            case 4:
                label4:
                modifyEmp(saveList);
                cout << "是否继续修改："
                     << "1.继续修改"
                     << "2.退出" << endl;
                cin >> str;
                if (str == "2") {
                    break;
                }
                if (str == "1"){
                    goto label4;
                }
            case 5:
                label5:
                findEmp(saveList);
                cout << "是否继续查找："
                     << "1.继续查找"
                     << "2.退出" << endl;
                cin >> str;
                if (str == "2") {
                    break;
                }
                if (str == "1"){
                    goto label5;
                }
            case 6:
                sortEmp(saveList);
                cout << "排序成功" << endl;
                break;
            case 7:
                cout << "确定删除所有员工？：";
                cin >> str;
                if (str == "是"){
                    deleteAll(saveList);
                    cout << "删除成功" << endl;
                    break;
                }
            default:
                cout << "欢迎使用" << endl;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

通过switch实现不同功能函数的调用，同时引入goto语句，实现对同一个功能函数的重复调用。

6.总结

通过这个简单的案例，可以加深对基础语法的理解，以及夯实基础知识，为学习更加复杂的知识打下基础。

FightingLod

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C++封装、继承、多态的应用---职工管理系统

本案例使用了C++面向对象的三大特性--封装、继承和多态实现了一个简单的职工管理系统，通过这个简单的案例，可以加深对基础语法的理解，以及夯实基础知识，为学习更加复杂的知识打下基础。
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