1. 变量
变量必须先定义,才可以使用并输出
定义变量的方式:
public class Main{
public static void main(String[] args) {
int a=5;
int b,c=a,d=10/2;
System.out.println(a);
//System.out.println(b); 没有赋初值,输出会报错
}
}
数据类型
类型 | 字节数 | 举例 |
byte | 1 | 123 |
short | 2 | 12345 |
int | 4 | 123456789 |
long | 8 | 1234567891011L |
float | 4 | 1.2F |
double | 8 | 1.2 |
boolean | 1 | true,false |
char | 2 | 'A' |
常量: final int N = 101;
类型转化 int x = (int)'A';
double y = 4*3.3;//整形会优先转化成浮点数(表示范围小的类型优先转换为表示范围大的类型)
2.运算符
除法向零取整
b = a++ 先取值再加一,c = ++a 相加一再取值
3.表达式
4.输入
方式一,效率低,规模较小时使用
*浮点数判断相等 Math.abs(x-y)<1e-6
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Main{
public static void main(String[] args){
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
//读入字符串
String str = sc.next();//遇空格停止
String str = sc.nextLine();
System.out.println(str);
//读入int类型
int x = sc.nextInt(),y = sc.nextInt();
System.out.println(x+y);
//读入float类型
float a = sc.nextFloat();
//读入double类型
double m = sc.nextDouble();
}
}
方式二,高效
//a,b在同一行读入
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
public class Main{
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
//读入整型
String[] strs = br.readLine().split(" ");//在一行输入,手动分开
int a=Integer.parseInt(strs[0]);
int b=Integer.parseInt(strs[1]);
System.out.println(a+b);
//读入字符串
String str = br.readLine();
System.out.println(str);
}
}
//多行分别读入a,b
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
public class Main{
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
int a = Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
int b = Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
System.out.println(a+b);
}
}
5.输出
//一
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
public class Main{
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
System.out.print("Hello ");
System.out.println("World");//有ln带回车
System.out.printf("%4d %.2f\n",4,123);//java里的float和double都用%f
}
}
//二
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(System.out));
bw.write("Hello World");
bw.flush();
}
}