Java中static详解

一.介绍

static表示静态,是java中的一个修饰符,可以修饰成员方法,成员变量.(对象共享)

被static修饰的成员变量,叫做静态变量.

被static修饰的成员方法,叫做静态方法.

二.修饰成员变量

特点:

(1).被该类所有对象共享

(2).不属于对象,属于类

(3).随着类的加载而加载,优先于对象存在

调用方式:

(1).类名调用(推荐)

(2).对象名调用

测试类(main):

package Static;

public class Test1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //类名调用(推荐)
        Student.teacherName = "小红老师";

        Student s1 = new Student();
        s1.setName("张三");
        s1.setAge(22);
        s1.setSex('男');

        s1.study();
        s1.show();

        Student s2 = new Student();
        s2.setName("李四");
        s2.setAge(23);
        s2.setSex('女');

        s2.study();
        s2.show();
    }
}

Student类:

package Static;

public class Student {
    private String name;    //名字
    private int age;        //年龄
    private char sex;       //性别

    public static String teacherName;

    public Student() {
    }

    public Student(String name, int age, char sex) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.sex = sex;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public char getSex() {
        return sex;
    }
    public void setSex(char sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }
    //行为
    public void study(){
        System.out.println(name + "正在学习");
    }
    //获取名字,年龄,性别,教师
    public void show() {
        System.out.println("Student{name = " + name + ", age = " + age + ", sex = " + sex + ", teacher = " + teacherName + "}");
    }
}

三.修饰成员方法

特点:

(1).javabean类中很少会用

(2).多用在测试类和工具类中

调用方式:

(1).类名调用(推荐)

(2).对象名调用

四.static注意事项

(1)静态方法中,只能访问静态

(2)非静态方法可以访问所有

(3)静态方法中没有this关键字