差分（java）

        // 定义一个差分的diff数组，多加一位可以避免考虑r+1是否超出索引
        long[] diff = new long[n+1];
        for (int i = 0;i < q;i++) {
          int l = sc.nextInt()-1;
          int r = sc.nextInt()-1;
          int x = sc.nextInt();
          diff[l] += x;
          diff[r+1] -= x;
        }
        // 差分的另外一种用法,用于求差分数组
        
        for (int i = 0;i < n;i++) a[i] -= a[i-1];
        
        // 前缀和操作还原原数组
        for (int i = 1;i < n;i++) {
          diff[i] += diff[i-1];
        }