awk举例

按照第5列排序列出后，按照第4列为root，然后显示出目录文件

[root@i-3pedyvud ~]#  ls -l | sort -n -k5 | awk '$4 = "root"'| grep '^d'
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 21 1月 13 22:52 sed
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 33 1月 12 10:59 bin
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 43 1月 11 16:51 share
drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 94 1月 8 21:37 app_publisher
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 227 1月 3 14:59 123
drwxr-xr-x 8 1000 root 4096 1月 11 16:47 bashdb-5.0-1.1.2
drwxr-xr-x 9 1000 root 4096 1月 11 17:01 bashdb-4.2-0.8
[root@i-3pedyvud ~]# 

打印输出第一列和第三列

[root@i-3pedyvud ~]# more awkfile1 
Centos Linux 100
Fedora Linux 200
Ubuntu Linux 300
[root@i-3pedyvud ~]# awk '{print $1,$3}' awkfile1
Centos 100
Fedora 200
Ubuntu 300
[root@i-3pedyvud ~]# 

gsub含数替换所有匹配的字符串。

[root@i-3pedyvud ~]# cat awkscript6
{sub(/Li/,"Linux"); print}
[root@i-3pedyvud ~]# cat awkdata6
Li is opensource.
Li is Li.
Ko is ko.
ko is Ko.
[root@i-3pedyvud ~]# awk -f awkscript6 awkdata6
Linux is opensource.
Linux is Li.
Ko is ko.
ko is Ko.
[root@i-3pedyvud ~]# awk '{gsub(/Li/, "Linux");print}' awkdata6
Linux is opensource.
Linux is Linux.
Ko is ko.
ko is Ko.
[root@i-3pedyvud ~]# 

[root@i-3pedyvud ~]# awk '{sub(/Li/, "Linux", $1);print}' awkdata6
Linux is opensource.
Linux is Li.
Ko is ko.
ko is Ko.
[root@i-3pedyvud ~]# awk '{sub(/Li/, "Linux", $2);print}' awkdata6
Li is opensource.
Li is Li.
Ko is ko.
ko is Ko.
[root@i-3pedyvud ~]# awk '{sub(/Li/, "Linux", $3);print}' awkdata6
Li is opensource.
Li is Linux.
Ko is ko.
ko is Ko.
[root@i-3pedyvud ~]# 

[root@i-3pedyvud ~]# awk '{gsub(/[Kk]o/, "Korea", $1);print}' awkdata6
Li is opensource.
Li is Li.
Korea is ko.
Korea is Ko.
[root@i-3pedyvud ~]# awk '{gsub(/[Kk]o/, "Korea");print}' awkdata6
Li is opensource.
Li is Li.
Korea is Korea.
Korea is Korea.
[root@i-3pedyvud ~]# 

使用awk，强制替换所有0.0.0.0为*

[root@i-3pedyvud ~]# awk '{gsub(/0.0.0.0/, "*");print}' /etc/httpd/conf.d/nextcloud.conf > /etc/httpd/conf.d/nextcloud.conf.tmp && mv -f /etc/httpd/conf.d/nextcloud.conf.tmp  /etc/httpd/conf.d/nextcloud.conf
[root@i-3pedyvud ~]#