Android 11 报错“java.io.IOException: Cleartext HTTP traffic to xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx not permitted”

1、原因
Google表示，为保证用户数据和设备的安全，针对下一代 Android 9.0(Android P) 的应用程序，将要求默认使用加密连接，这意味着 Android P 将禁止 App 使用所有未加密的连接，因此运行 Android P 系统的安卓设备无论是接收或者发送流量，未来都不能明码传输，需要使用下一代(Transport Layer Security)传输层安全协议；

2、解决
不要使用http协议；替换为使用https协议即可；
在使用https协议的过程中，可能会报https证书不可被信任的错误；我们需要在程序中信任所有https证书；
package com.kingbright.myapplication6;
import android.util.Log;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import javax.net.ssl.HostnameVerifier;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
/**

• user
• 2023/3/10
  /
  public class SSLAgent {
  private final static String TAG = “SSLAgent”;
  private final static boolean DEBUG = true;
  private static SSLAgent mSSLAgent;
  public static SSLAgent getInstance(){
  if(mSSLAgent == null){
  mSSLAgent = new SSLAgent();
  }
  return mSSLAgent;
  }
  /*
  • 信任所有的https证书
  • */
    public void trustAllHttpsCertificates() {
    try{
    TrustManager[] trustAllCerts = new TrustManager[1];
    TrustManager tm = new MyTrustManager();
    trustAllCerts[0] = tm;
    SSLContext sc = SSLContext.getInstance(“SSL”);
    sc.init(null, trustAllCerts, null);
    HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultSSLSocketFactory(sc.getSocketFactory());
    HttpsURLConnection.setDefaultHostnameVerifier(mHostnameVerifier);
    }catch (Exception e){
    e.printStackTrace();
    }
    }
    private HostnameVerifier mHostnameVerifier = new HostnameVerifier() {
    public boolean verify(String hostname, SSLSession session) {
    log(“hostname:” + hostname);
    return true;
    }
    };
    private static class MyTrustManager implements TrustManager, X509TrustManager {
    public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
    return null;
    }
    public boolean isServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] certs) {
    return true;
    }
    public boolean isClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] certs) {
    return true;
    }
    public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] certs, String authType) {
    return;
    }
    public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] certs, String authType) {
    return;
    }
    }
    private void log(String msg){
    if(DEBUG){
    Log.i(TAG, msg);
    }
    }
    }

3、在使用https协议之前信任所有https证书

//信任所有https证书
SSLAgent.getInstance().trustAllHttpsCertificates();