iOS基础知识：Objective-C 之 NSDate,NSCalendar,NSTimer

定时器与日历

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NSDate

得到现在的date

    //get current date at +0000
    NSDate *date = [NSDate date];
    NSLog(@"date:%@",date);

以字符串形式表示date

    //get description with current locale
    NSString *dateStr = [date descriptionWithLocale:[NSLocale currentLocale]];
    NSLog(@"dateStr:%@",dateStr);

比较两个date，哪个时间早，哪个时间晚，算出时间差

    //get earlier/later date ,get time minus
    NSDate *date1 = [NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:100];
    NSDate *date2 = [NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:-100];
    NSDate *earlierDate = [date1 earlierDate:date2];
    NSDate *laterDate = [date1 laterDate:date2];
    NSUInteger timeSec = [date1 timeIntervalSinceDate:date2];
NSLog(@"\nearlierDate:%@\nlaterDate:%@\ntimeInterval:%lu",earlierDate,laterDate,timeSec);

将date转化成指定格式的字符串

    //dateFormat
    //string from date
    NSDateFormatter *dateFormat = [NSDateFormatter new];
    dateFormat.dateFormat = @"YYYY年MM月dd日 HH时mm分ss秒 EEEE";
    NSString *formatStr = [dateFormat stringFromDate:date];
    NSLog(@"formatStr:%@",formatStr);

将指定格式的字符串转化成date

    //date from string
    dateFormat.dateFormat = @"YYYY-MM-dd HH-mm-ss";
    formatStr = @"2015-6-3 13-00-00";
    NSDate *formatDate = [dateFormat dateFromString:formatStr];
    NSLog(@"formatDate:%@",formatDate);

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NSCalendar
从一个date中得到年、月、日、时、分、秒、星期等元素

    //get date component from calendar
    NSCalendar *calendar = [NSCalendar calendarWithIdentifier:NSCalendarIdentifierGregorian];
    NSDateComponents *dateComponent = [calendar components:NSCalendarUnitYear|NSCalendarUnitMonth|NSCalendarUnitDay fromDate:[NSDate date]];

    NSLog(@"%lu year %lu month %lu day",dateComponent.year,dateComponent.month,dateComponent.day);

得到某个月有多少天

    //how many days in date's month
    NSRange range = [calendar rangeOfUnit:NSCalendarUnitDay inUnit:NSCalendarUnitMonth forDate:[NSDate date]];
    NSLog(@"range:(%lu,%lu)",range.location,range.length);

得到date是在当前年的第几周

    //number weekdays in year
    NSUInteger ordinal = [calendar ordinalityOfUnit:NSCalendarUnitWeekday inUnit:NSCalendarUnitYear forDate:[NSDate date]];
    NSLog(@"ordinal:%lu",ordinal);

从年、月、日、时、分、秒等元素，来创建一个date

    //creat date from date components
    NSDateComponents *comp = [NSDateComponents new];
    comp.year = 2015;
    comp.month = 6;
    comp.day = 3;
    NSDate *compDate = [calendar dateFromComponents:comp];
    NSLog(@"compDate:%@",[compDate descriptionWithLocale:[NSLocale currentLocale]]);

基于一个date，来创建另外一个date；

    //creat a date later date components
    NSDateComponents *comp1 = [NSDateComponents new];
    comp1.hour = 5;
    NSDate *newDate = [calendar dateByAddingComponents:comp1 toDate:[NSDate date] options:0];
    NSLog(@"newDate:%@",[newDate descriptionWithLocale:[NSLocale currentLocale]]);

计算从某一时刻起，到指定的date，有多少年、月、日等元素

    //calculate how many months from 1970
    NSDateComponents *comp2 = [calendar components:NSCalendarUnitMonth fromDate:[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSince1970:0] toDate:[NSDate date] options:0];
    NSLog(@"%lu",comp2.month);

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NSTimer
1、creat a timer and count since now

NSTimer *timer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:1.0 target:self selector:@selector(didTimerFired:) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];

上面就创建了一个timer，并且每间隔1.0秒就会自动调用一次[self didTimerFired:timer];

2、creat a timer and count after date that you specifid

//与上一段代码相比，类方法名少了个scheduled
    NSTimer *timer = [NSTimer timerWithTimeInterval:1.0 target:self selector:@selector(didTimerFired:) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];
    //此处为手动触发一次Fire
    [timer fire];
    //设置fireDate,默认为当前date
    [timer setFireDate:[NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSinceNow:10]];
    //监控timer，如果没有下面这条语句，timer将不会调用fire
    [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] addTimer:timer forMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode];

3、NSTimer 的精度只能达到50ms-100ms,相对较低，如果想要精度高的定时，可以用GCD