JAVA反射

目录

一、JAVA反射的API

1、获取类的方法

2、获取字段并操作

3、获取方法并操作

4、构造函数

5、拿到xml文件，并把它写入txt

二、JAVA Properties类的使用详解

1、Properties的使用

---

JAVA反射机制是在运行状态中，对于任意一个类，都能够知道这个类的所有属性和方法；对于任意一个对象，都能够调用它的任意一个方法和属性；这种动态获取的信息以及动态调用对象的方法的功能成为java语言的反射机制。

简单的说：一个类有多个组成部分，例如：成员变量，方法，构造方法等。反射就是加载类，并解剖出类的各个组成部分。

JAVA反射机制主要提供以下功能：

• 在运行时判断任意一个对象所属的类；
• 在运行时构造任意一个类的对象；
• 在运行时判断任意一个类所具有的成员变量和方法；
• 在运行时调用任意一个对象的方法；
• 生产动态代理。

一、JAVA反射的API

建一个Ainmal类

public class Animal {

    public String Name;
    private int  age;

    public void eat(){
        System.out.println(123);
    }

    public void eat(String food){
        System.out.println(food);
    }

    public String eat(String food,int age){
        return food + age;
    }

    public void list1(){
        List list = new ArrayList();
    }
}

1、获取类的方法

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 1、通过类来获取
        Class<Animal> animalClass = Animal.class;

        // 2、通过全类名来获取
        try {
            Class animalClass2 = Class.forName("com.xinzhi.Animal");
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        // 3、使用对象来获取
        Animal animal = new Animal();
        Class<? extends Animal> aClass = animal.getClass();

        
        String name = animalClass.getName();
        System.out.println(name);
    }

2、获取字段并操作

    @Test
    public void optField(){

        Animal animal = new Animal();

        Class<Animal> animalClass3 = Animal.class;
        // 只获取公共的字段
        Field[] fields = animalClass3.getFields();
        for (Field field : fields) {
            System.out.println(field.getName());
            try {
                field.set(animal,"5");
                System.out.println( field.get(animal));
            } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                System.out.println("name必须是字符串");
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println("-----");

        try {
            // 获取所有的字段
            Field declaredFields = animalClass3.getDeclaredField("age");
            // 在其他类中设置私有属性字段必须加下面这行代码，否则报错
            declaredFields.setAccessible(true);
            declaredFields.set(animal,12);
            System.out.println(declaredFields.get(animal));
        } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

3、获取方法并操作

    @Test
    public void optMethod(){
        Animal animal = new Animal();
        Class<Animal> animalClass = Animal.class;
        try {
            Method eat = animalClass.getMethod("eat",String.class,int.class);
            Object food = eat.invoke(animal, "骨头", 23);
            System.out.println(food);
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

4、构造函数

    @Test
    public void optConstructor(){
        Class<Animal> animalClass = Animal.class;
        try {
            Constructor<Animal> constructor = animalClass.getConstructor();
            Animal animal = constructor.newInstance();
            animal.eat();
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

5、拿到xml文件，并把它写入txt

（1）新建class.xml

<class name="开发六部">
    <student>
        <name>张三</name>
        <age>12</age>
        <gender>男</gender>
    </student>
    <student>
        <name>李四</name>
        <age>13</age>
        <gender>男</gender>
    </student>
    <student>
        <name>王五</name>
        <age>14</age>
        <gender>男</gender>
    </student>
</class>

（2）新建Clazz类

public class Clazz {

    private String name;
    private List<Student> students;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public List<Student> getStudents() {
        return students;
    }

    public void setStudents(List<Student> students) {
        this.students = students;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Clazz{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", students=" + students +
                '}';
    }
}

（3）新建student类，对应xml文件

public class Student {

    private String name;
    private int age;
    private String gender;

    public Student(String name, int age, String gender) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    public Student(){}

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getGender() {
        return gender;
    }

    public void setGender(String gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

（4）测试类，把xml的内容写入TXT中

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
//        Student s1 = new Student("张三",12,"男");
//        Student s2 = new Student("李四",13,"男");
//        Student s3 = new Student("王五",14,"女");
//        List<Student> students = Arrays.asList(s1, s2, s3);
//
//        Clazz clazz = new Clazz();
//        clazz.setName("开发六部");
//        clazz.setStudents(students);
//
//        System.out.println(students);
        Clazz readxml = readxml();
        System.out.println(readxml);


    }

    public static Clazz readxml(){
        Clazz clazz = new Clazz();
        List<Student> list = new ArrayList<>();

        SAXReader reader = new SAXReader();
        try {
            // 读xml文件
            org.dom4j.Document document =  reader.read(Test.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("conf/class.xml"));
            // 获取节点
            Element root = document.getRootElement();

            // 写xml文件
            XMLWriter xmlWriter = null;
            xmlWriter = new XMLWriter(new FileOutputStream("D://user.txt"));
            xmlWriter.write(document);
            xmlWriter.flush();
            xmlWriter.close();

            // 拿到class的name开发六部
            clazz.setName(root.attribute("name").getValue());

            List<Element> elements = root.elements();
            for (Element element : elements) {
                List<Element> elements1 = element.elements();
                Student student = new Student();
                for (Element element1 : elements1) {
                    Class<Student> studentClass = Student.class;
                    Field field = studentClass.getDeclaredField(element1.getName());
                    field.setAccessible(true);
                    if (field.getType() == String.class) {
                        field.set(student, element1.getData());
                    }else if(field.getType() == int.class){
                        field.set(student,Integer.parseInt(element1.getData().toString()));
                    }
                }
                list.add(student);
            }
            clazz.setStudents(list);

        } catch (DocumentException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (NoSuchFieldException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return clazz;
    }
}

二、JAVA Properties类的使用详解

1、Properties的使用

（1）新建Source接口

public interface Source {
    void select();
}

（2）新建Mysql类，实现Source

public class Mysql implements Source{

    @Override
    public void select(){
        System.out.println("从mysql中查找");
    }
}

（3）新建SqlServer类，实现Source

public class SqlServer implements Source{

    @Override
    public void select(){
        System.out.println("从sqlserver里查找数据");
    }
}

（4）新建conf.properties，修改最后的类名，就能确定从哪查找

target = com.xinzhi.sql.Mysql

（5）测试类，properties的使用

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream("D:\\IDEA\\javateach\\jdbc-1\\jdbc\\src\\conf.properties");
        properties.load(inputStream);
        String target = properties.getProperty("target");

        Source source = (Source) Class.forName(target).newInstance();
        source.select();

    }
}