驱动--入门实例字符驱动（二）

一、基本理论

二、基本数据结构和实例

一、基本理论

本文实例参考《linux设备驱动开发详解第二版》,实例只是为了入门测试，初始化基本没有错误检查。这次基于前面的实例，在filp->private_data添加自定义的设备指针，这个是许多驱动都采取的做法。

二、基本数据结构和实例

#ifndef _GLBMEM_H_
#define _GLBMEM_H_

#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/semaphore.h>

#define GLOBALMEM_SIZE 	0x1000
#define GLOBALMEM_CLEAR	0x1
#define GLOBALMEM_MAJOR	0
#define GLOBALMEM_NODE_NAME	"glbmem"
#define GLOBALMEM_FILE_NAME	"glbmem"
#define GLOBALMEM_CLASS_NAME	"glbmem"

static int globalmem_major=GLOBALMEM_MAJOR;
struct globalmem_dev{

//	int val;
	struct semaphore sem;
	struct cdev cdev;
	unsigned char mem[GLOBALMEM_SIZE];
};

#endif

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include "glbmem.h"




static struct globalmem_dev *dev;
static struct class *glbmem_class;


static int glbmem_open(struct inode *inode,struct file *filp){
	
	struct globalmem_dev *dev;
	printk(KERN_INFO "glbmem open.\n");

	dev=container_of(inode->i_cdev,struct globalmem_dev,cdev);
	filp->private_data=dev;

	return 0;
}
static void glbmem_close(struct inode *inode,struct file *filp){

	printk(KERN_INFO "glbmem close.\n");

}
static ssize_t glbmem_read(struct file *filp,char __user *buffer,size_t len,loff_t *offset){

	unsigned long p=*offset;
	int ret=0;
	struct globalmem_dev *dev=filp->private_data;
	if(p>GLOBALMEM_SIZE){
		printk("offset is out of bounds.\n");
		return 0;		
	}
	if((len+p)>GLOBALMEM_SIZE)
		len=GLOBALMEM_SIZE-p;
	if(copy_to_user(buffer,(void*)(dev->mem+p),len)){
		ret = - EFAULT;
	}
	else{
		*offset +=len;
		ret=len;

		printk("read %s,%d bytes data.\n",(dev->mem),len);

	}
	return ret;
}
static ssize_t glbmem_write(struct file *filp,char __user *buffer,size_t len,loff_t *offset){

	unsigned long p=*offset;
	int ret=0;
	struct globalmem_dev *dev=filp->private_data;
	if(p>GLOBALMEM_SIZE){
		printk("offset is out of bounds.\n");
		return 0;
	}
	if((p+len)>GLOBALMEM_SIZE){
		len=GLOBALMEM_SIZE-p;
	}
	if(copy_from_user(dev->mem+p,buffer,len)){
		ret=-EFAULT;
	}else{
		*offset +=len;
		ret=len;
		printk("write %s,%d bytes data.\n",dev->mem,len);
	}
	return ret;
}

static int glbmem_ioctl(struct file *filp,unsigned int cmd,unsigned long arg){
	

	struct globalmem_dev *dev=filp->private_data;
	switch(cmd){

		case GLOBALMEM_CLEAR:				
			memset(dev->mem,0,GLOBALMEM_SIZE);
			printk(KERN_INFO"globalmem is set to zero.\n");
			break;
		default:
			return -EINVAL; 

	}
	return 0;
}
static const struct file_operations glbmem_fops={

	.owner=THIS_MODULE,
	.open=glbmem_open,
	.release=glbmem_close,
	.read=glbmem_read,
	.write=glbmem_write,
	.unlocked_ioctl=glbmem_ioctl,
	//.llseek=glbmem_llseek,
};
static void globalmem_setup_cdev(struct globalmem_dev *dev){
	int err=0;
	dev_t devno=MKDEV(globalmem_major,0);
	cdev_init(&(dev->cdev),&glbmem_fops);
	dev->cdev.owner=THIS_MODULE;
	err=cdev_add(&(dev->cdev),devno,1);
	if(err)
	 printk(KERN_ALERT"Erro %d adding cdev.\n",err);

}
static int __init glbmem_init(void){
	int ret=0;
	dev_t devno=MKDEV(globalmem_major,0);
	
	printk(KERN_ALERT "glbmem init.\n");
	if(globalmem_major)
		ret=register_chrdev_region(devno,1,GLOBALMEM_NODE_NAME);
	else{
		ret=alloc_chrdev_region(&devno,0,1,GLOBALMEM_NODE_NAME);
		globalmem_major=MAJOR(devno);
}
	if(ret<0)
		return ret;
	printk("device number register successed.\n");
	printk("major number is:%d.\nminor number is:%d.\n",MAJOR(devno),MINOR(devno));
	
	dev=kmalloc(sizeof(struct globalmem_dev),GFP_KERNEL);
	memset(dev,0,sizeof(struct globalmem_dev));
	globalmem_setup_cdev(dev);

	glbmem_class=class_create(THIS_MODULE,GLOBALMEM_NODE_NAME);

	device_create(glbmem_class,NULL,devno,NULL,GLOBALMEM_NODE_NAME);

	printk(KERN_ALERT "glbmem init success.\n");

	return 0;
}
static void __exit glbmem_exit(void){
	
	dev_t devno=MKDEV(globalmem_major,0);
	device_destroy(glbmem_class,devno);
	class_destroy(glbmem_class);
	cdev_del(&(dev->cdev));
	kfree(dev);
	unregister_chrdev_region(devno,1);

}


module_init(glbmem_init);
module_exit(glbmem_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL");

MODULE_AUTHOR("wen");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("this is a example to display char device driver");
MODULE_VERSION("V1.0");

Makefile：

ifneq ($(KERNELRELEASE),)

obj-m :=glbmem.o

else

KERNELDIR :=/lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build
PWD :=$(shell pwd)

all:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(PWD) modules

endif

clean:
	rm *.ko *.o *mod*

测试：

三 、总结

.......