java导入导出excel操作(jxl)

最新推荐文章于 2022-06-23 21:20:30 发布

wenter126

最新推荐文章于 2022-06-23 21:20:30 发布

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分类专栏： java 文章标签： Excel Java 单元测试 Go OS

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jxl.jar 包
下载地址:
http://www.andykhan.com/jexcelapi/
真实下载地址:
http://www.andykhan.com/jexcelapi/download.html

网站上对它的特征有如下描述：
● 支持Excel 95-2000的所有版本
● 生成Excel 2000标准格式
● 支持字体、数字、日期操作
● 能够修饰单元格属性
● 支持图像和图表
应该说以上功能已经能够大致满足我们的需要。最关键的是这套API是纯 Java 的，并不依赖Windows系统，即使运行在Linux下，它同样能够正确的处理Excel文件。另外需要说明的是，这套API对图形和图表的支持很有限，而且仅仅识别PNG格式。
搭建环境
将下载后的文件解包，得到jxl.jar，放入classpath，安装就完成了。

基本操作

一、创建文件
拟生成一个名为“测试数据.xls”的Excel文件，其中第一个工作表被命名为“第一页”，大致效果如下：

Java 代码

/*
* Created on Dec 30, 2007
*
* To change the template for this generated file go to
* Window>Preferences>Java >Code Generation>Code and Comments
*/
package JExcelTest.standard;
import java .io.*;
import jxl.*;
import jxl.write.*;
/**
* @author Ken
*
* To change the template for this generated type comment go to
* Window>Preferences>Java >Code Generation>Code and Comments
*/
public class CreateXLS {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//open file.
WritableWorkbook book = Workbook.createWorkbook( new File( "d:/Test.xls" ));
//create Sheet named "Sheet_1". 0 means this is 1st page.
WritableSheet sheet = book.createSheet( "Sheet_1" , 0 );
//define cell column and row in Label Constructor, and cell content write "test".
//cell is 1st-Column,1st-Row. value is "test".
Label label = new Label( 0 , 0 , "test" );
//add defined cell above to sheet instance.
sheet.addCell(label);
//create cell using add numeric. WARN:necessarily use integrated package-path, otherwise will be throws path-error.
//cell is 2nd-Column, 1st-Row. value is 789.123.
jxl.write.Number number = new jxl.write.Number( 1 , 0 , 789.123 );
//add defined cell above to sheet instance.
sheet.addCell(number);
//add defined all cell above to case.
book.write();
//close file case.
book.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

Java 代码

/*
* Created on Dec 30, 2007
*
* To change the template for this generated file go to
* Window>Preferences>Java >Code Generation>Code and Comments
*/
package JExcelTest.standard;
import java .io.*;
import jxl.*;
import jxl.write.*;
/**
* @author Ken
*
* To change the template for this generated type comment go to
* Window>Preferences>Java >Code Generation>Code and Comments
*/
public class CreateXLS {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//open file.
WritableWorkbook book = Workbook.createWorkbook(new File( "d:/Test.xls" ));
//create Sheet named "Sheet_1". 0 means this is 1st page.
WritableSheet sheet = book.createSheet("Sheet_1" , 0 );
//define cell column and row in Label Constructor, and cell content write "test".
//cell is 1st-Column,1st-Row. value is "test".
Label label = new Label( 0 , 0 , "test" );
//add defined cell above to sheet instance.
sheet.addCell(label);
//create cell using add numeric. WARN:necessarily use integrated package-path, otherwise will be throws path-error.
//cell is 2nd-Column, 1st-Row. value is 789.123.
jxl.write.Number number = new jxl.write.Number( 1 , 0 , 789.123 );
//add defined cell above to sheet instance.
sheet.addCell(number);
//add defined all cell above to case.
book.write();
//close file case.
book.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

/*
 * Created on Dec 30, 2007
 *
 * To change the template for this generated file go to
 * Window>Preferences>Java
>Code Generation>Code and Comments
 */
package JExcelTest.standard;

import java
.io.*; 
import jxl.*; 
import jxl.write.*; 

/**
 * @author Ken
 *
 * To change the template for this generated type comment go to
 * Window>Preferences>Java
>Code Generation>Code and Comments
 */
public class CreateXLS {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		try {
			//open file.
			WritableWorkbook book =	Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("d:/Test.xls"));
			
			//create Sheet named "Sheet_1". 0 means this is 1st page.
			WritableSheet sheet = book.createSheet("Sheet_1", 0);
			
			//define cell column and row in Label Constructor, and cell content write "test".
			//cell is 1st-Column,1st-Row. value is "test".
			Label label = new Label(0, 0, "test");
			//add defined cell above to sheet instance.
			sheet.addCell(label);
			
			//create cell using add numeric. WARN:necessarily use integrated package-path, otherwise will be throws path-error.
			//cell is 2nd-Column, 1st-Row. value is 789.123.
			jxl.write.Number number = new jxl.write.Number(1, 0, 789.123);
			//add defined cell above to sheet instance.
			sheet.addCell(number);
			
			//add defined all cell above to case.
			book.write();
			//close file case.
			book.close();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

编译执行后，会在当前位置产生一个Excel文件。

二、读取文件
以刚才我们创建的Excel文件为例，做一个简单的读取操作，程序代码如下：

Java 代码

/*
* Created on Dec 30, 2007
*
* To change the template for this generated file go to
* Window>Preferences>Java >Code Generation>Code and Comments
*/
package JExcelTest.standard;
import java .io.*;
import jxl.*;
/**
* @author Ken
*
* To change the template for this generated type comment go to
* Window>Preferences>Java >Code Generation>Code and Comments
*/
public class ReadXLS {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
Workbook book = Workbook.getWorkbook( new File( "d:/Test.xls" ));
//get a Sheet object.
Sheet sheet = book.getSheet( 0 );
//get 1st-Column,1st-Row content.
Cell cell = sheet.getCell( 0 , 0 );
String result = cell.getContents();
System.out.println(result);
book.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

Java 代码

/*
* Created on Dec 30, 2007
*
* To change the template for this generated file go to
* Window>Preferences>Java >Code Generation>Code and Comments
*/
package JExcelTest.standard;
import java .io.*;
import jxl.*;
/**
* @author Ken
*
* To change the template for this generated type comment go to
* Window>Preferences>Java >Code Generation>Code and Comments
*/
public class ReadXLS {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
Workbook book = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File( "d:/Test.xls" ));
//get a Sheet object.
Sheet sheet = book.getSheet(0 );
//get 1st-Column,1st-Row content.
Cell cell = sheet.getCell(0 , 0 );
String result = cell.getContents();
System.out.println(result);
book.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

/*
 * Created on Dec 30, 2007
 *
 * To change the template for this generated file go to
 * Window>Preferences>Java
>Code Generation>Code and Comments
 */
package JExcelTest.standard;

import java
.io.*;
import jxl.*;

/**
 * @author Ken
 *
 * To change the template for this generated type comment go to
 * Window>Preferences>Java
>Code Generation>Code and Comments
 */
public class ReadXLS {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		try {
			Workbook book = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("d:/Test.xls"));
			//get a Sheet object. 
			Sheet sheet = book.getSheet(0);
			//get 1st-Column,1st-Row content.
			Cell cell = sheet.getCell(0, 0);
			String result = cell.getContents();
			System.out.println(result);
			book.close();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

	}
}

程序执行结果：test

三、修改文件
利用jExcelAPI可以修改已有的Excel文件，修改Excel文件的时候，除了打开文件的方式不同之外，其他操作和创建Excel是一样的。下面的例子是在我们已经生成的Excel文件中添加一个工作表：
修改Excel的类，添加一个工作表

Java 代码

/*
* Created on Dec 30, 2007
*
* To change the template for this generated file go to
* Window>Preferences>Java >Code Generation>Code and Comments
*/
package JExcelTest.standard;
import java .io.*;
import jxl.*;
import jxl.write.*;
/**
* @author Ken
*
* To change the template for this generated type comment go to
* Window>Preferences>Java >Code Generation>Code and Comments
*/
public class UpdateXLS {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//get file.
Workbook wb = Workbook.getWorkbook( new File( "d:/Test.xls" ));
//open a copy file(new file), then write content with same content with Test.xls.
WritableWorkbook book =
Workbook.createWorkbook( new File( "d:/Test.xls" ), wb);
//add a Sheet.
WritableSheet sheet = book.createSheet( "Sheet_2" , 1 );
sheet.addCell( new Label( 0 , 0 , "test2" ));
book.write();
book.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

Java 代码

/*
* Created on Dec 30, 2007
*
* To change the template for this generated file go to
* Window>Preferences>Java >Code Generation>Code and Comments
*/
package JExcelTest.standard;
import java .io.*;
import jxl.*;
import jxl.write.*;
/**
* @author Ken
*
* To change the template for this generated type comment go to
* Window>Preferences>Java >Code Generation>Code and Comments
*/
public class UpdateXLS {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//get file.
Workbook wb = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File( "d:/Test.xls" ));
//open a copy file(new file), then write content with same content with Test.xls.
WritableWorkbook book =
Workbook.createWorkbook(new File( "d:/Test.xls" ), wb);
//add a Sheet.
WritableSheet sheet = book.createSheet("Sheet_2" , 1 );
sheet.addCell(new Label( 0 , 0 , "test2" ));
book.write();
book.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

/*
 * Created on Dec 30, 2007
 *
 * To change the template for this generated file go to
 * Window>Preferences>Java
>Code Generation>Code and Comments
 */
package JExcelTest.standard;

import java
.io.*;
import jxl.*;
import jxl.write.*;

/**
 * @author Ken
 *
 * To change the template for this generated type comment go to
 * Window>Preferences>Java
>Code Generation>Code and Comments
 */
public class UpdateXLS {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		try {
			//get file.
			Workbook wb = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("d:/Test.xls"));
			//open a copy file(new file), then write content with same content with Test.xls.  
			WritableWorkbook book =
				Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("d:/Test.xls"), wb);
			//add a Sheet.
			WritableSheet sheet = book.createSheet("Sheet_2", 1);
			sheet.addCell(new Label(0, 0, "test2"));
			book.write();
			book.close();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

高级操作

一、数据格式化
在Excel中不涉及复杂的数据类型，能够比较好的处理字串、数字和日期已经能够满足一般的应用。
字串格式化
字符串的格式化涉及到的是字体、粗细、字号等元素，这些功能主要由WritableFont和WritableCellFormat类来负责。假设我们在生成一个含有字串的单元格时，使用如下语句，为方便叙述，我们为每一行命令加了编号：
WritableFont font1= new WritableFont(WritableFont.TIMES,16,WritableFont.BOLD);
或
//设置字体格式为excel支持的格式
WritableFont font3=new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("楷体_GB2312"),12,WritableFont.NO_BOLD );
① WritableCellFormat format1=new WritableCellFormat(font1);
② Label label=new Label(0,0,”data 4 test”,format1)
③ 其中
I.指定了字串格式：字体为TIMES，字号16，加粗显示。WritableFont有非常丰富的构造子，供不同情况下使用，jExcelAPI的 java -doc中有详细列表，这里不再列出。
II.处代码使用了WritableCellFormat类，这个类非常重要，通过它可以指定单元格的各种属性，后面的单元格格式化中会有更多描述。
III.处使用了Label类的构造子，指定了字串被赋予那种格式。在WritableCellFormat类中，还有一个很重要的方法是指定数据的对齐方式，比如针对我们上面的实例，可以指定：
//把水平对齐方式指定为居中
format1.setAlignment(jxl.format.Alignment.CENTRE);
//把垂直对齐方式指定为居中
format1.setVerticalAlignment(jxl.format.VerticalAlignment.CENTRE);
//设置自动换行
format1.setWrap(true);

二、单元格操作
Excel中很重要的一部分是对单元格的操作，比如行高、列宽、单元格合并等，所幸jExcelAPI提供了这些支持。这些操作相对比较简单，下面只介绍一下相关的API。
1、合并单元格
WritableSheet.mergeCells(int m,int n,int p,int q);
作用是从(m,n)到(p,q)的单元格全部合并，比如：
WritableSheet sheet=book.createSheet(“第一页”,0);
//合并第一列第一行到第六列第一行的所有单元格
sheet.mergeCells(0,0,5,0);
合并既可以是横向的，也可以是纵向的。合并后的单元格不能再次进行合并，否则会触发异常。
2、行高和列宽
WritableSheet.setRowView(int i,int height);
作用是指定第i+1行的高度，比如：
//将第一行的高度设为200
sheet.setRowView(0,200);
WritableSheet.setColumnView(int i,int width);
作用是指定第i+1列的宽度，比如：
//将第一列的宽度设为30
sheet.setColumnView(0,30);
三、操作图片

Java 代码

public static void write() throws Exception{
WritableWorkbook wwb=Workbook.createWorkbook( new File( "c:/1.xls" ));
WritableSheet ws=wwb.createSheet( "Test Sheet 1" , 0 );
File file= new File( "C:\\jbproject\\PVS\\WebRoot\\weekhit\\1109496996281.png" );
WritableImage image= new WritableImage( 1 , 4 , 6 , 18 ,file);
ws.addImage(image);
wwb.write();
wwb.close();
}

Java 代码

public static void write() throws Exception{
WritableWorkbook wwb=Workbook.createWorkbook(new File( "c:/1.xls" ));
WritableSheet ws=wwb.createSheet("Test Sheet 1" , 0 );
File file=new File( "C:\\jbproject\\PVS\\WebRoot\\weekhit\\1109496996281.png" );
WritableImage image=new WritableImage( 1 , 4 , 6 , 18 ,file);
ws.addImage(image);
wwb.write();
wwb.close();
}

public static void write()throws Exception{
        WritableWorkbook wwb=Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("c:/1.xls"));
        WritableSheet ws=wwb.createSheet("Test Sheet 1",0);
        File file=new File("C:\\jbproject\\PVS\\WebRoot\\weekhit\\1109496996281.png");
        WritableImage image=new WritableImage(1, 4, 6, 18,file);
        ws.addImage(image);
        wwb.write();
        wwb.close();
    }

很简单和插入单元格的方式一样，不过就是参数多了些，WritableImage这个类继承了Draw，上面只是他构造方法的一种，最后一个参数不用了说了，前面四个参数的类型都是double，依次是 x, y, width, height,注意，这里的宽和高可不是图片的宽和高，而是图片所要占的单位格的个数，因为继承的Draw所以他的类型必须是double，具体里面怎么实现的我还没细看：）因为着急赶活，先完成功能，其他的以后有时间慢慢研究。以后会继续写出在使用中的心得给大家。

读:
读的时候是这样的一个思路,先用一个输入流(InputStream)得到Excel文件,然后用jxl中的Workbook得到工作薄,用Sheet从工作薄中得到工作表,用Cell得到工作表中得某个单元格.
InputStream->Workbook->Sheet->Cell,就得到了excel文件中的单元格

Java 代码

String path= "c:\\excel.xls" ; //Excel文件URL
InputStream is = new FileInputStream(path); //写入到FileInputStream
jxl.Workbook wb = Workbook.getWorkbook(is); //得到工作薄
jxl.Sheet st = wb.getSheet( 0 ); //得到工作薄中的第一个工作表
Cell cell=st.getCell( 0 , 0 ); //得到工作表的第一个单元格,即A1
String content=cell.getContents(); //getContents()将Cell中的字符转为字符串
wb.close(); //关闭工作薄
is.close(); //关闭输入流

Java 代码

String path= "c:\\excel.xls" ; //Excel文件URL
InputStream is = new FileInputStream(path); //写入到FileInputStream
jxl.Workbook wb = Workbook.getWorkbook(is); //得到工作薄
jxl.Sheet st = wb.getSheet(0 ); //得到工作薄中的第一个工作表
Cell cell=st.getCell(0 , 0 ); //得到工作表的第一个单元格,即A1
String content=cell.getContents();//getContents()将Cell中的字符转为字符串
wb.close();//关闭工作薄
is.close();//关闭输入流

String path="c:\\excel.xls";//Excel文件URL
InputStream is = new FileInputStream(path);//写入到FileInputStream
jxl.Workbook wb = Workbook.getWorkbook(is); //得到工作薄 
jxl.Sheet st = wb.getSheet(0);//得到工作薄中的第一个工作表
Cell cell=st.getCell(0,0);//得到工作表的第一个单元格,即A1
String content=cell.getContents();//getContents()将Cell中的字符转为字符串
wb.close();//关闭工作薄
is.close();//关闭输入流

我们可以通过Sheet的getCell(x,y)方法得到任意一个单元格,x,y和excel中的坐标对应.
例如A1对应(0,0),A2对应(0,1),D3对应(3,2).Excel中坐标从A,1开始,jxl中全部是从0开始.
还可以通过Sheet的getRows(),getColumns()方法得到行数列数,并用于循环控制,输出一个sheet中的所有内容.

写:
往Excel中写入内容主要是用jxl.write包中的类.
思路是这样的:
OutputStream<-WritableWorkbook<-WritableSheet<-Label
这里面Label代表的是写入Sheet的Cell位置及内容.

Java 代码

OutputStream os= new FileOutputStream( "c:\\test.xls" ); //输出的Excel文件URL
WritableWorkbook wwb = Workbook.createWorkbook(os); //创建可写工作薄
WritableSheet ws = wwb.createSheet( "sheet1" , 0 ); //创建可写工作表
Label labelCF= new Label( 0 , 0 , "hello" ); //创建写入位置和内容
ws.addCell(labelCF); //将Label写入sheet中
Label的构造函数Label( int x, int y,String aString)xy意同读的时候的xy,aString是写入的内容.
WritableFont wf = new WritableFont(WritableFont.TIMES, 12 , WritableFont.BOLD, false ); //设置写入字体
WritableCellFormat wcfF = new WritableCellFormat(wf); //设置CellFormat
Label labelCF= new Label( 0 , 0 , "hello" ); //创建写入位置,内容和格式
Label的另一构造函数Label( int c, int r, String cont, CellFormat st)可以对写入内容进行格式化,设置字体及其它的属性.
现在可以写了
wwb.write();
写完后关闭
wwb.close();
输出流也关闭吧
os.close;

Java 代码

OutputStream os= new FileOutputStream( "c:\\test.xls" ); //输出的Excel文件URL
WritableWorkbook wwb = Workbook.createWorkbook(os);//创建可写工作薄
WritableSheet ws = wwb.createSheet("sheet1" , 0 ); //创建可写工作表
Label labelCF=new Label( 0 , 0 , "hello" ); //创建写入位置和内容
ws.addCell(labelCF);//将Label写入sheet中
Label的构造函数Label(int x, int y,String aString)xy意同读的时候的xy,aString是写入的内容.
WritableFont wf = new WritableFont(WritableFont.TIMES, 12 , WritableFont.BOLD, false ); //设置写入字体
WritableCellFormat wcfF = new WritableCellFormat(wf); //设置CellFormat
Label labelCF=new Label( 0 , 0 , "hello" ); //创建写入位置,内容和格式
Label的另一构造函数Label(int c, int r, String cont, CellFormat st)可以对写入内容进行格式化,设置字体及其它的属性.
现在可以写了
wwb.write();
写完后关闭
wwb.close();
输出流也关闭吧
os.close;

OutputStream os=new FileOutputStream("c:\\test.xls");//输出的Excel文件URL
WritableWorkbook wwb = Workbook.createWorkbook(os);//创建可写工作薄
WritableSheet ws = wwb.createSheet("sheet1", 0);//创建可写工作表
Label labelCF=new Label(0, 0, "hello");//创建写入位置和内容
ws.addCell(labelCF);//将Label写入sheet中
Label的构造函数Label(int x, int y,String aString)xy意同读的时候的xy,aString是写入的内容.
WritableFont wf = new WritableFont(WritableFont.TIMES, 12, WritableFont.BOLD, false);//设置写入字体
WritableCellFormat wcfF = new WritableCellFormat(wf);//设置CellFormat
Label labelCF=new Label(0, 0, "hello");//创建写入位置,内容和格式
Label的另一构造函数Label(int c, int r, String cont, CellFormat st)可以对写入内容进行格式化,设置字体及其它的属性.
现在可以写了
wwb.write();
写完后关闭
wwb.close();
输出流也关闭吧
os.close;

OK,只要把读和写结合起来,就可以在N个Excel中读取数据写入你希望的Excel新表中,还是比较方便的.

下面是程序一例:

Java 代码