DBA_Oracle GoldenGate安装详解（案例）

一、摘要

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Oracle GoldenGate软件基于数据库日志结构变化，通过解析源端在线日志或归档日志获得数据增量，再将这些变化应用到目标数据库，从而实现源库和目标库的 数据同步。

下面通过一个简单的示例，详细介绍利用GoldenGate实现Oracle数据库之间的同步。

基本架构如下图所示：

二、安装

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1.1 下载介质

GoldenGate的安装介质可以从Oracle的官网上下载。

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/middleware/goldengate/downloads/index.html

 

1.2 配置GoldenGate用户

(1). 下载完成后将其拷贝到源和目标的相应位置解压完成后，即可以开始进行配置。

# useradd -g oinstall -G dba ggate
# su – ggate

# passwd ggate


$ mkdir /opt/oracle/ggate
$ cd /opt/oracle/ggate
$ tar -xvf 解压包

 

(2). 修改bash_profile

$ vi ~/.bash_profile
添加如下的内容：
    export ORACLE_BASE=opt/oracle
    export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/gavinprod
    export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/opt/oracle/ggate
    export GGATE=/opt/oracle/ggate

 

1.3 创建目录

使用ggsci工具，创建必要的目录。

$ cd /opt/oracle/ggate
$ ./ggsci

    Oracle GoldenGate Command Interpreter for Oracle
    Version 11.1.1.0.0 Build 078
    Linux, x86, 32bit (optimized), Oracle 10 on Jul 28 2010 13:24:18

    Copyright (C) 1995, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

    GGSCI (gridcontrol) 1> create subdirs

 

至此，GoldenGate基本的安装完成。

Note. 此部分需要在源端和目标端完成。

 

三、配置OGG源端和目标端，并测试

1、配置源数据端

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GoldenGate主要通过抓取源端数据库重做日志进行分析，将获取的数据应用到目标端，实现数据同步。因此，为了让GoldenGate能够正常工作，源数据库需要进行一定配置。

1.1 设置源库为归档模式

SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup mount
SQL> alter database archivelog;
SQL> alter database open;

 

1.2 开启minimal supplemental logging

SQL> alter database add supplemental log data;

SQL> select SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_MIN from v$database;

    SUPPLEME
    ——–
    YES

 

1.3 关闭数据库的recyblebin

SQL> alter system set recyclebin=off scope=spfile;

如果数据库是10g，需要关闭recyclebin并重启；或者手工purge recyclebin。

 

1.4 配置复制的DDL支持

SQL> create user ggate identified by ggate default tablespace users temporary tablespace temp;
SQL> grant connect,resource,unlimited tablespace to ggate;
SQL> grant execute on utl_file to ggate;

SQL> @$GGATE/marker_setup.sql;
SQL> @$GGATE/ddl_setup.sql;
SQL> @$GGATE/role_setup.sql;
SQL> grant GGS_GGSUSER_ROLE to ggate;
SQL> @$GGATE/ddl_enable.sql;

 

1.5 创建源端和目标端的测试用户

(1). source

SQL> create user sender identified by oracle default tablespace users temporary tablespace temp;
SQL> grant connect,resource,unlimited tablespace to sender;

(2). destination

SQL> create user receiver identified by oracle default tablespace users temporary tablespace temp;
SQL> grant connect,resource,unlimited tablespace to receiver;

 

2. 配置远端和目标端的manager

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在源端和目标端分别执行下面的步骤。

1. 创建manager

[ggate@gridcontrol gg]$ ./ggsci
GGSCI (gridcontrol) 1> info all
    Program     Status      Group       Lag           Time Since Chkpt
    MANAGER     STOPPED

GGSCI (gridcontrol) 2> edit params mgr
    PORT 7809

GGSCI (gridcontrol) 3> start manager

    Manager started.

 

3. 配置源端复制队列

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复制队列配置

GGSCI (gridcontrol) 1> add extract ext1, tranlog, begin now
    EXTRACT added.

GGSCI (gridcontrol) 2> add exttrail /opt/oracle/ggate/dirdat/lt, extract ext1
    EXTTRAIL added.

GGSCI (gridcontrol) 3> edit params ext1
    extract ext1
    userid ggate@gavinprod, password oracle
    rmthost centos4, mgrport 7809
    rmttrail /u01/app/oracle/ggate/dirdat/lt
    ddl include mapped objname sender.*;
    table sender.*;

GGSCI (gridcontrol) 6> info all
    Program     Status      Group       Lag           Time Since Chkpt

    MANAGER     STOPPED
    EXTRACT     STOPPED     EXT1        00:00:00      00:10:55

 

4. 配置目标端同步对队列

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1. 配置目标端同步队列

1.1 在目标端添加checkpoint表

[oracle@centos4 ggate]$ ./ggsci

GGSCI (centos4) 1> edit params ./GLOBAL   –添加下列内容
    GGSCHEMA ggate
    CHECKPOINTTABLE ggate.checkpoint
     
GGSCI (centos4) 2> dblogin userid ggate@target
    Password:
    Successfully logged into database.
     
GGSCI (centos4) 3> add checkpointtable ggate.checkpoint
    Successfully created checkpoint table GGATE.CHECKPOINT.

 

1.2 创建同步队列

GGSCI (centos4) 4> add replicat rep1, exttrail /opt/oracle/ggate/dirdat/lt, checkpointtable ggate.checkpoint
    REPLICAT added.

GGSCI (centos4) 5> edit params rep1
    replicat rep1
    ASSUMETARGETDEFS
    userid ggate@gavinsit, password oracle
    discardfile /opt/oracle/ggate/dirdat/rep1_discard.txt, append, megabytes 10
    DDL
    map sender.*, target receiver.*;

 

5. 开始同步并测试

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1. 开启同步

GGSCI (gridcontrol) 14> start extract ext1

GGSCI (gridcontrol) 15> info all
    Program     Status      Group       Lag           Time Since Chkpt
    MANAGER     RUNNING
    EXTRACT     RUNNING     EXT1        00:00:00      00:00:05

GGSCI (centos4) 7> start replicat rep1

GGSCI (centos4) 8> info all
    Program     Status      Group       Lag           Time Since Chkpt   
    MANAGER     RUNNING
    REPLICAT    RUNNING     REP1        00:00:00      00:00:00

 

2. 验证结果

源端：

SQL> create table sender.test_tab_1 (id number,rnd_str varchar2(12));
SQL> insert into sender.test_tab_1 values (1,’test_1′);
SQL> commit;

 

目标端：

SQL> select * from receiver.test_tab_1;
ID RND_STR
———- ————
1 test_1