15 套接字和标准IO

1. 套接字数据通信中使用标准IO函数：

a. 具有良好的移植性portability； //所有标准函数都具有良好的移植性

b. 标准IO可以利用缓冲提高性能；

2. 使用标准IO的几个缺陷

a. 不容易进行双向通信； //同时读写方式打开r+,w+,a+

b. 有时候可能频繁调用fflush； //每次切换读写都应该调用fflush

c. 需要以FILE结构体指针形式返回文件描述符； //需要文件描述符转成FILE的方法

3. fdopen将文件描述符转换成FILE结构体指针

#include <stdio.h>

FILE * fdopen(int fildes, const char *mode);

成功返回转换的FILE结构体指针，失败NULL

fildes ：需要转换的文件描述符
mode：将要创建的FILE结构体指针的mode信息 //与fopen的打开模式相同

4. fileno将FILE结构体指针转换成文件描述符

#include <stdio.h>

int fileno(FILE * stream);

成功返回转换后的文件描述符，失败-1

5. 使用标准IO实现echo服务器/客户端

server：

#include <stdio.h>  
#include <stdlib.h>  
#include <string.h>  
#include <unistd.h>  
#include <arpa/inet.h>  
#include <sys/socket.h>  
  
#define BUF_SIZE    1024  
  
void error_handling(char *message);  
  
int main(int argc, char *argv[]){  
    int serv_sock,clnt_sock;  
    char message[BUF_SIZE];  
    int str_len,i;  
    struct sockaddr_in serv_adr;  
    struct sockaddr_in clnt_adr;  
    socklen_t clnt_adr_sz;
    FILE * readfp;
    FILE * writefp;
  
    if(argc != 2){  
        printf("Usage : %s <port>\n",argv[0]);  
        exit(1);  
    }  
  
    serv_sock = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);  
    if(serv_sock == -1){  
        error_handling("socket() error");  
    }  
  
    memset(&serv_adr,0,sizeof(serv_adr));  
    serv_adr.sin_family=AF_INET;  
    serv_adr.sin_addr.s_addr=htonl(INADDR_ANY);  
    serv_adr.sin_port=htons(atoi(argv[1]));  
  
    if(bind(serv_sock,(struct sockaddr*)&serv_adr,sizeof(serv_adr)) == -1){  
        error_handling("bind() error");  
    }  
    
    if(listen(serv_sock,5) == -1){
	error_handling("listen error");
    }

    clnt_adr_sz = sizeof(clnt_adr);  
    for(i=0;i<5;i++){  
     	clnt_sock = accept(serv_sock,(struct sockaddr*)&clnt_adr,&clnt_adr_sz); 
	if(clnt_sock == -1){
	    error_handling("accept error");
	}else{
	    printf("connected client %d %d\n",i+1,clnt_sock);
	}

	readfp = fdopen(clnt_sock,"r");
	writefp = fdopen(clnt_sock,"w");
	
	while(!feof(readfp)){
	    fgets(message,BUF_SIZE,readfp);
	    fputs(message,writefp);
	    fflush(writefp);
	}
 
	printf("disconnected client %d \n",clnt_sock);	
	fclose(readfp);
	fclose(writefp); 
    }  
  
    close(serv_sock);  
  
    return 0;  
  
}  
  
void error_handling(char *message){  
  
    fputs(message,stderr);  
    fputs("\n",stderr);  
    exit(1);  
}  

执行结果：

alex@alex-virtual-machine:/extra/tcpip/15$ ./server 9190
connected client 1 4
disconnected client 4
connected client 2 4
disconnected client 4

client：

#include <stdio.h>  
#include <stdlib.h>  
#include <string.h>  
#include <unistd.h>  
#include <arpa/inet.h>  
#include <sys/socket.h>  
  
#define BUF_SIZE    1024  
  
void error_handling(char *message);  
  
int main(int argc, char *argv[]){  
    int sock;  
    char message[BUF_SIZE];  
    int str_len;  
    struct sockaddr_in serv_adr;  
    FILE * readfp;
    FILE * writefp;

    if(argc != 3){  
        printf("Usage : %s <IP> <port>\n",argv[0]);  
        exit(1);  
    }  
  
    sock = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);  
    if(sock == -1){  
        error_handling("socket() error");  
    }  
  
    memset(&serv_adr,0,sizeof(serv_adr));  
    serv_adr.sin_family=AF_INET;  
    serv_adr.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr(argv[1]);  
    serv_adr.sin_port=htons(atoi(argv[2]));  
  
    if(connect(sock,(struct sockaddr *)&serv_adr,sizeof(serv_adr)) == -1){
	error_handling("connect error");
    }else {
	puts("connected...");
    }

    readfp = fdopen(sock,"r");
    writefp = fdopen(sock,"w");

    while(1){        
        fputs("Insert message(q to quit):",stdout);  
        fgets(message,BUF_SIZE,stdin);  
        if(!strcmp(message,"q\n") || !strcmp(message,"Q\n"))  
            break;  
	fputs(message,writefp);
	fflush(writefp);
	fgets(message,BUF_SIZE,readfp);
        printf("Message from server: %s",message);  
    }  
    
    fclose(writefp);
    fclose(readfp);
  
    return 0;  
}  
  
void error_handling(char *message){  
  
    fputs(message,stderr);  
    fputs("\n",stderr);  
    exit(1);  
}  

执行结果：

alex@alex-virtual-machine:/extra/tcpip/15$ ./client 127.0.0.1 9190
connected...
Insert message(q to quit):hello
Message from server: hello
Insert message(q to quit):q
alex@alex-virtual-machine:/extra/tcpip/15$ ./client 127.0.0.1 9190
connected...
Insert message(q to quit):what
Message from server: what
Insert message(q to quit):q
alex@alex-virtual-machine:/extra/tcpip/15$