K8S部署前端可视化dashboard插件（坑已踩完）

最新推荐文章于 2025-05-28 15:53:48 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2025-05-28 15:53:48 发布 · 9.9k 阅读

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本文详细介绍如何在Kubernetes环境中部署和访问Dashboard，包括通过YAML文件手动配置和使用NodePort暴露服务的方法，以及创建服务账号和绑定角色进行Token认证的过程。

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部署Dashboard

官方参考文档：
https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/web-ui-dashboard/

github项目地址：
https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard

当前部署dashboard版本：v2.0.0，注意检查dashboard版本与kubernetes版本兼容性：
https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/releases

方法一：不推荐（新手找不到yaml的本地路径）

执行yaml文件直接部署：

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.3/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

查看dashboard运行状态，以deployment方式部署，运行2个pod及2个service：

[root@master ~]# kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get pods
NAME                                         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper-694557449d-wfv4b   1/1     Running   0          4m50s
kubernetes-dashboard-9774cc786-v9ltx         1/1     Running   0          4m50s


[root@master ~]# kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get svc 
NAME                        TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper   ClusterIP   10.100.165.238   <none>        8000/TCP   4m52s
kubernetes-dashboard        ClusterIP   10.109.218.125   <none>        443/TCP    4m52s

访问dashboard
这里作为演示，使用nodeport方式将dashboard服务暴露在集群外，指定使用30443端口，可自定义：

kubectl  patch svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kubernetes-dashboard \
-p '{"spec":{"type":"NodePort","ports":[{"port":443,"targetPort":8443,"nodePort":30443}]}}'

查看暴露的service,已修改为nodeport类型：

# kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get svc
NAME                        TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
dashboard-metrics-scraper   ClusterIP   10.102.18.37     <none>        8000/TCP        69s
kubernetes-dashboard        NodePort    10.110.118.188   <none>        443:30443/TCP   69s

方法二：推荐

下载yaml文件手动修改service部分

wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.3/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

yaml文件会下载到当前路径下
修改yaml文件

vi recommended.yaml

修改Service部分

-----------------------------------------------
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
      nodePort: 30443
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
 ----------------------------------------------

注意如果这里的nodePort写成nodeport或者存在其他书写问题，就会报如下的错

[root@ks-allinone k8s-ui]# kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml
namespace/kubernetes-dashboard unchanged
serviceaccount/kubernetes-dashboard unchanged
error: error validating "recommended.yaml": error validating data: ValidationError(Service.spec.ports[0]): unknown field "nodeport" in io.k8s.api.core.v1.ServicePort; if you choose to ignore these errors, turn validation off with --validate=false

更新配置

kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml

登录dashboard
浏览器访问dashboard：

https://<any_node_ip>:30443

出现如下页面
在这里插入图片描述
Dashboard 支持 Kubeconfig 和 Token 两种认证方式，我们这里选择Token认证方式登录。
官方参考文档:
https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/blob/master/docs/user/access-control/creating-sample-user.md
创建dashboard-adminuser.yaml：

[root@ks-allinone k8s-ui]# cat > dashboard-adminuser.yaml << EOF
 apiVersion: v1
 kind: ServiceAccount
 metadata:
   name: admin-user
   namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
 
 ---
 apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
 kind: ClusterRoleBinding
 metadata:
   name: admin-user
 roleRef:
   apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
   kind: ClusterRole
   name: cluster-admin
 subjects:
 - kind: ServiceAccount
   name: admin-user
   namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
> EOF

创建登录用户

[root@ks-allinone k8s-ui]# kubectl apply -f dashboard-adminuser.yaml
serviceaccount/admin-user created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/admin-user created

说明：上面创建了一个叫admin-user的服务账号，并放在kubernetes-dashboard 命名空间下，并将cluster-admin角色绑定到admin-user账户，这样admin-user账户就有了管理员的权限。默认情况下，kubeadm创建集群时已经创建了cluster-admin角色，我们直接绑定即可。

查看admin-user账户的token

kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard describe secret $(kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get secret | grep admin-user | awk '{print $1}')

[root@ks-allinone k8s-ui]# kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard describe secret $(kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get secret | grep admin-user | awk '{print $1}')
Name:         admin-user-token-k42wt
Namespace:    kubernetes-dashboard
Labels:       <none>
Annotations:  kubernetes.io/service-account.name: admin-user
              kubernetes.io/service-account.uid: 77d89b66-c70c-4784-8b8d-b18a2dc203a8

Type:  kubernetes.io/service-account-token

Data
====
ca.crt:     1025 bytes
namespace:  20 bytes
token:      eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IjZUQU44UXNLREhCVm05RWZhb2h3TGRQQk5ZdF9jQjdfcnNXRVkzWldnbWcifQ.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.Z6Pn_bf9yi9a9wAGRe71dlAUgNqaH9gU5IksRCk0exfA-RokeU03NTNVd9ZqpH-_6w-rfeozsvDS2IymMqtIuH1F3RqNWORc9_aLw-6xTL-X8HaupGZgR5M0v3J286KjHTyU-ZqJ0Zoq1T0gGHdPSJTfwzV9WTz-tniOSjvjkkGuC-CLADmadLrdOprKfIMQ0HmkHIxOzlRX6WJc1f5vbbB0K72A_dZxXI94bRs6TtLAilBU_F3MffPiLLgHPV1GJPOwKD2AAkGz1hNrLAuxpMGlEelDsjqxWZJnRARnZ97gpma0oSkmZg7-hkYHN4dcNTmwWLhbmkhWycOXZpFEYw

把获取到的Token复制到登录界面的Token输入框中，登陆成功。

参考博客