Vector容器 构造函数

 

=====Vector constructors（Vector 构造函数）=====
+	Syntax:
+	语法：
+
+	<code>
+	#include <vector>
+	using namespace std;
+	vector();
+	vector( const vector& c );
+	explicit vector( size_type num, const TYPE& val = TYPE() );
+	template< typename input_iterator >
+	vector( input_iterator start, input_iterator end );
+	~vector();
+	</code>
+
+	The default vector constructor takes no arguments, creates a new instance of
+	that vector.
+
+	vector 默认构造函数不带参数，只创建一个 vector 实例。
+
+	The second constructor is a default copy constructor that can be used to create
+	a new vector that is a copy of the given vector c.
+
+	第二个构造函数是默认的复制构造函数，它会创建一个给定 vector c 的复本 vector。
+
+	The third constructor creates a vector with num objects. If val is specified,
+	each of those objects will be given that value, otherwise, those objects are
+	given TYPE's default constructor's value. For example, the following code
+	creates a vector consisting of five copies of the integer 42:
+
+	第三个构造函数创建了一个有 num 个对象的 vector。如果 val 值给定，所有的对象都被赋上 val 值， 否则就会被赋上 TYPE 的默认构造函数的值，下面的代码会创建一个有 5
+	个整数42 构成的 vector。
+
+	<code>
+	vector<int> v1( 5, 42 );
+	</code>
+
+	The last constructor creates a vector that is initialized to contain the
+	elements between start and end. For example:
+
+	最后一个构造函数创建了一个包含了从 start 到 end 之间的所有元素的 vector。例如：
+
+	<code>
+	// create a vector of random integers
+	// 创建一个由随机整数元素组成的 vector
+	cout << "original vector: ";
+	vector<int> v;
+	for( int i = 0; i < 10; ++i ) {
+	int num = (int) rand() % 10;
+	cout << num << " ";
+	v.push_back( num );
+	}
+	cout << endl;
+
+	// find the first element of v that is even
+	// 搜索第一个值是偶数的元素
+	vector<int>::iterator iter1 = v.begin();
+	while( iter1 != v.end() && *iter1 % 2 != 0 ) {
+	++iter1;
+	}
+
+	// find the last element of v that is even
+	// 搜索最后一个值是偶数的元素
+	vector<int>::iterator iter2 = v.end();
+	do {
+	--iter2;
+	} while( iter2 != v.begin() && *iter2 % 2 != 0 );
+
+	// only proceed if we find both numbers
+	// 当上述两个值都存在时才执行
+	if( iter1 != v.end() && iter2 != v.begin() ) {
+	cout << "first even number: " << *iter1 << ", last even number: " << *iter2 << endl;
+
+	cout << "new vector: ";
+	vector<int> v2( iter1, iter2 );
+	for( int i = 0; i < v2.size(); ++i ) {
+	cout << v2[i] << " ";
+	}
+	cout << endl;
+	}
+	</code>
+
+	When run, this code displays the following output:
+	运行上述代码将会显示下面的结果：
+
+	<code terminal>
+	original vector: 1 9 7 9 2 7 2 1 9 8
+	first even number: 2, last even number: 8
+	new vector: 2 7 2 1 9
+	</code>
+
+	The last constructor provides for a handy way to initialize an STL vector with data from an old style array.
+
+	最后一个构造函数提供了一个手动从原始风格 array 中获取数据来初始化 STL vector 的方法，
+
+	Example（例子）:
+
+	<code>
+	float fp_values[] = { 0.1, 0.2 , 0.3, 0.4};      // somewhere an array is created（在这里创建一个数组）
+	...
+	vector<float> fp_vector(fp_values,fp_values+4);  // elements in the array are copied into fp_vector（数组里的元素都被复制到 fp_vector 中了）
+	</code>
+
+	Keep in mind that pointers are just a possible elementary form of iterators.
+
+	记住指针也是一种可接受的基本迭代器类型
+
+	All of these constructors run in [[/complexity|linear time]] except the first, which runs in
+	[[/complexity|constant time]].
+
+	所有这些构造函数都是以 [[/complexity|linear time]] 运行，除了第一个是以 [[/complexity|constant time]] 运行。
+
+	The default destructor is called for each element when the vector is destroyed.