Flask-SQLAlchemy管理数据库

1、安装扩展库

（venv）$ pip install flask-sqlalchemy

2、hello.py

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

import os
from flask import Flask, render_template, session, redirect, url_for
from flask.ext.script import Manager
from flask.ext.bootstrap import Bootstrap
from flask.ext.moment import Moment
from flask.ext.wtf import Form
from wtforms import StringField, SubmitField
from wtforms.validators import Required
from flask.ext.sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy

basedir = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))

app = Flask(__name__)
app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = 'hard to guess string'
#配置sqlite数据库，sqlite无需额外安装
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] =\
    'sqlite:///' + os.path.join(basedir, 'data.sqlite')
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_COMMIT_ON_TEARDOWN'] = True

manager = Manager(app)
bootstrap = Bootstrap(app)
moment = Moment(app)
db = SQLAlchemy(app)
#模型：将表roles映射成类Role，字段映射成类变量
class Role(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'roles'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(64), unique=True)
    users = db.relationship('User', backref='role', lazy='dynamic')

class User(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'users'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
    username = db.Column(db.String(64), unique=True, index=True)
    role_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('roles.id'))
#表单类
class NameForm(Form):
    name = StringField('What is your name?', validators=[Required()])
    submit = SubmitField('Submit')

@app.route('/', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def index():
    form = NameForm()
    if form.validate_on_submit():
		#从sqlite数据库中查询
		#Flask-SQLAlchemy为每个模型类提供query对象
        user = User.query.filter_by(username=form.name.data).first()
        if user is None:
            user = User(username=form.name.data)
			#将user添加到sqlite数据库
            db.session.add(user)
            session['known'] = False
        else:
            session['known'] = True
        session['name'] = form.name.data
        return redirect(url_for('index'))
    return render_template('index.html', form=form, name=session.get('name'),
                           known=session.get('known', False))

if __name__ == '__main__':
    manager.run()

2、index.html:

{% extends "base.html" %}
{% import "bootstrap/wtf.html" as wtf %}

{% block title %}Flasky{% endblock %}

{% block page_content %}
<div class="page-header">
    <h1>Hello, {% if name %}{{ name }}{% else %}Stranger{% endif %}!</h1>
    {% if not known %}
    <p>Pleased to meet you!</p>
    {% else %}
    <p>Happy to see you again!</p>
    {% endif %}
</div>
{{ wtf.quick_form(form) }}
{% endblock %}

3、base.html:

{% extends "bootstrap/base.html" %}

{% block title %}Flasky{% endblock %}

{% block head %}
{{ super() }}
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="{{ url_for('static', filename='favicon.ico') }}" type="image/x-icon">
<link rel="icon" href="{{ url_for('static', filename='favicon.ico') }}" type="image/x-icon">
{% endblock %}

{% block navbar %}
<div class="navbar navbar-inverse" role="navigation">
    <div class="container">
        <div class="navbar-header">
            <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".navbar-collapse">
                <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
                <span class="icon-bar"></span>
            </button>
            <a class="navbar-brand" href="/">Flasky</a>
        </div>
        <div class="navbar-collapse collapse">
            <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
                <li><a href="/">Home</a></li>
            </ul>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
<div class="container">
    {% for message in get_flashed_messages() %}
    <div class="alert alert-warning">
        <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alert">×</button>
        {{ message }}
    </div>
    {% endfor %}

    {% block page_content %}{% endblock %}
</div>
{% endblock %}

{% block scripts %}
{{ super() }}
{{ moment.include_moment() }}
{% endblock %}