使用DBV的命令规则和规则集强化数据库安全

http://blog.itpub.net/22621861/viewspace-1396261/

不错 有时间研究一下

几个场景示例：

1. 指定时间维护数据库
2. 指定不能直接使用DML命令，而必须调用指定存储过程
3. 指定必须使用密码认证方式（而不是OS认证）连接数据库
4. 指定必须从指定客户端IP连接数据库
5. 将做指定动作的尝试记录下来
6. 结合业务数据制定访问规则

示例1：只能在周五17-23点做DROP TABLE命令

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–创建规则
BEGIN
dbms_macadm.create_rule(
rule_name => ‘Is Maintenance Timeframe’
, rule_expr => ‘TRIM(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,’‘DAY’’)) = ‘‘FRIDAY’’ AND
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,’‘HH24’’) BETWEEN 17 AND 23’
);
END;
/
–创建规则集
BEGIN
dbms_macadm.create_rule_set(
rule_set_name => ‘Is System Maintenance Allowed’,
description =>
‘Checks to determine if the system maintenance is allowed’,
enabled =>dbms_macutl.g_yes,
eval_options =>dbms_macutl.g_ruleset_eval_all,
audit_options =>dbms_macutl.g_ruleset_audit_fail,
fail_options =>dbms_macutl.g_ruleset_fail_show,
fail_message =>NULL,
fail_code =>NULL,
handler_options =>dbms_macutl.g_ruleset_handler_off,
handler =>NULL);
END;
/
–将规则加入规则集，可以将多个规则加入规则集
BEGIN
dbms_macadm.add_rule_to_rule_set (
rule_set_name => ‘Is System Maintenance Allowed’
, rule_name => ‘Is Maintenance Timeframe’
);
END;
/
–创建命令规则，其中指定了规则集
BEGIN
dbms_macadm.create_command_rule (
command => ‘DROP TABLE’
,rule_set_name => ‘Is System Maintenance Allowed’
,object_owner => ‘SOE’
,object_name => ‘%’
,enabled => ‘Y’
);
END;
/
验证：

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drop table soe.customers3;

drop table soe.customers3;
drop table soe.customers3
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-47400: Command Rule violation for DROP TABLE on SOE.CUSTOMERS3

示例2. 只能调用存储过程来更新表数据
创建存储过程

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CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE soe.cards_transaction is
PROCEDURE disable_card(card_no in PLS_INTEGER);
END cards_transaction; --没有schema名soe
/

CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY soe.cards_transaction AS
PROCEDURE disable_card(card_no in PLS_INTEGER) IS
BEGIN
– show the output of the DBMS_UTILITY function
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE ( DBMS_UTILITY.FORMAT_CALL_STACK );
– perform the SQL UPDATE
UPDATE soe.card_details SET is_valid = ‘N’
WHERE card_number = card_no;
END;
END cards_transaction; --没有schema名soe
/
验证存储过程

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set serverout on
begin
cards_transaction.disable_card(
card_no => 1374047923
);
end;
/
创建规则，验证是否使用了存储过程

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–创建规则
BEGIN
dbms_macadm.create_rule(
rule_name => ‘Called From Cards Transaction Package’
, rule_expr => ‘INSTR(UPPER(DBMS_UTILITY.FORMAT_CALL_STACK),
‘‘PACKAGE BODY SOE.CARDS_TRANSACTION’’) > 0’
);
END;
/
–创建规则集
BEGIN
dbms_macadm.create_rule_set(
rule_set_name => ‘Using Cards Application’,
description => ‘Checks to verify commands
are executed from trusted cards packages’,
enabled => dbms_macutl.g_yes,
eval_options => dbms_macutl.g_ruleset_eval_all,
audit_options => dbms_macutl.g_ruleset_audit_fail,
fail_options => dbms_macutl.g_ruleset_fail_show,
fail_message => NULL,
fail_code => NULL,
handler_options => dbms_macutl.g_ruleset_handler_off,
handler => NULL
);
END;
/

–将规则加入
BEGIN
dbms_macadm.add_rule_to_rule_set (
rule_set_name => ‘Using Cards Application’
, rule_name => ‘Called From Cards Transaction Package’
);
END;
/
–创建命令规则
BEGIN
dbms_macadm.create_command_rule (
command => ‘UPDATE’
,rule_set_name => ‘Using Cards Application’
,object_owner => ‘SOE’
,object_name => ‘CARD_DETAILS’
,enabled => ‘Y’
);
END;
/
验证
直接用update命令：
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update card_details set is_valid=‘N’ where card_number=‘1374047923’;

   *

ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
用存储过程

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begin
cards_transaction.disable_card(
card_no => 1374047923
);
end;
/

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

示例3. 指定必须使用密码认证方式（而不是OS认证）连接数据库

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–使用密码认证连接数据库，其他方式还有OS, SSL
BEGIN
dbms_macadm.create_rule(
rule_name => ‘Is Secure Authentication Method’
, rule_expr => ‘SYS_CONTEXT(’‘USERENV’’,
‘‘AUTHENTICATION_METHOD’’) IN (’‘PASSWORD’’)’
);
END;
/

–客户端IP，如果是OS登录，IP为IS NULL
BEGIN
dbms_macadm.create_rule(
rule_name => ‘Is Console Client’
, rule_expr =>
‘SYS_CONTEXT(’‘USERENV’’, ‘‘IP_ADDRESS’’) = ‘‘192.168.226.31’’’
);
END;
/

–使用默认创建的规则集Allow Sessions，因此只要update
BEGIN
dbms_macadm.update_rule_set(
rule_set_name => ‘Allow Sessions’,
description => ‘Rule set that controls the ability to create a
session in the database.’,
enabled => dbms_macutl.g_yes,
eval_options => dbms_macutl.g_ruleset_eval_all,
audit_options => dbms_macutl.g_ruleset_audit_fail,
fail_options => dbms_macutl.g_ruleset_fail_show,
fail_message => NULL,
fail_code => NULL,
handler_options => dbms_macutl.g_ruleset_handler_off,
handler => NULL);
END;
/
–将规则加入规则集
BEGIN
dbms_macadm.add_rule_to_rule_set (
rule_set_name => ‘Allow Sessions’
, rule_name => ‘Is Secure Authentication Method’
);
END;
/
BEGIN
dbms_macadm.add_rule_to_rule_set (
rule_set_name => ‘Allow Sessions’
, rule_name => ‘Is Console Client’
);
END;
/
–加入CONNECT命令规则
BEGIN
dbms_macadm.create_command_rule (
command => ‘CONNECT’
,rule_set_name => ‘Allow Sessions’
,object_owner => ‘%’
,object_name => ‘%’
,enabled => ‘Y’
);
END;
/

验证：使用oracle的系统用户以OS方式连接数据库，此时应该无法连接上

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[oracle@vault ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Jan 12 15:47:37 2015

Copyright © 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected.
SQL> show user
USER is “SYS”
SQL> desc v$instance;
ERROR:
ORA-01012: not logged on

SQL> connect / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> exit
Disconnected
可以在规则集的选项
eval_options => dbms_macutl.g_ruleset_eval_all,
指定多个规则要ALL TRUE或ANY TRUE
示例5. 使用自定义过程处理程序

以下摘抄原书：

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mary@aos> – First create a table to hold the alerts
mary@aos> create table sh.alerts ( msg varchar2(4000)
, msgdate date default sysdate);
Table created.
mary@aos> – next create a package to process the alerts
mary@aos> CREATE OR REPLACE package sh.sales_alerts as
PROCEDURE sales_update_alert(ruleset_name IN VARCHAR2,
ruleset_result IN VARCHAR2);
end;
/
Package created.
mary@aos> CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY sh.sales_alerts AS
PROCEDURE sales_update_alert(ruleset_name IN VARCHAR2,
ruleset_result IN VARCHAR2) is
PRAGMA AUTONOMOUS_TRANSACTION;
BEGIN
INSERT into sh.alerts (msg )
VALUES (‘Alert for Rule Set:’
|| ruleset_name || ', result is ’ || ruleset_result);
COMMOT;
END;
END;
/
Package created.
mary@aos> – GRANT EXECUTE on the handler package to DVSYS
mary@aos> GRANT EXECUTE ON sh.sales_alerts TO dvsys;
Grant succeeded.
mary@aos> – Update the rule set to use the handler package
mary@aos> – on rule set failure (failed access attempt)
dbvowner@aos> BEGIN
dbms_macadm.update_rule_set(
rule_set_name =>‘Using Financials Application’,
description =>‘Checks to verify commands came are
executed from trusted financials packages’,
enabled =>dbms_macutl.g_yes,
eval_options =>dbms_macutl.g_ruleset_eval_all,
audit_options =>dbms_macutl.g_ruleset_audit_fail,
fail_options =>dbms_macutl.g_ruleset_fail_show,
fail_message =>NULL,
fail_code =>NULL,
handler_options =>dbms_macutl.g_ruleset_handler_fail,
handler =>‘sh.sales_alerts.sales_update_alert’
);
END;
/
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
mary@aos> – Attempt to update the table outside the policy
mary@aos> UPDATE sh.sales
SET amount_sold = 200
WHERE cust_id = 305;
UPDATE sh.sales
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
mary@aos> – View our alerts
mary@aos> SELECT * from sh.alerts;
MSG

MSGDATE

Alert for Rule Set:Using Financials Application, result is FALSE
12-JUL-08

示例6. 使用验证函数确认是否允许执行命令
摘抄原书：

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–以下函数表示只有在周六、周日的8-16点才能验证通过。实际业务环境中，可以使用业务数据、函数来自定义
mary@aos> CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION sh.can_perform_sales_summary RETURN NUMBER AS
l_day VARCHAR2(10) := TRIM(TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,‘DAY’));
l_hour VARCHAR2(2) := TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,‘HH24’);
BEGIN
– allow sales summary logic to run on weekends or week nights
– weekend
IF l_day IN ( ‘SATURDAY’, ‘SUNDAY’ ) THEN
RETURN 1;
– weekday - business hours
ELSIF l_hour BETWEEN ‘08’ AND ‘16’ THEN
RETURN 0;
– week night
ELSE
RETURN 1;
END IF;
END;
/
Function created.
mary@aos> GRANT EXECUTE ON sh.can_perform_sales_summary TO dvsys;
Grant succeeded.

dbvowner@aos> – Create the DBV Rule
BEGIN
dbms_macadm.create_rule(
rule_name => ‘Is Sales Summary Allowed’
, rule_expr => ‘sh.can_perform_sales_summary = 1’
);
END;
/
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
dbvowner@aos> – Create the DBV Rule Set
dbvowner@aos> BEGIN
dbms_macadm.create_rule_set(
rule_set_name =>‘Can Execute Financials Summary’,
description =>
‘Checks to see if summary job for financials can be run.’,
enabled =>dbms_macutl.g_yes,
eval_options =>dbms_macutl.g_ruleset_eval_all,
audit_options =>dbms_macutl.g_ruleset_audit_fail,
fail_options =>dbms_macutl.g_ruleset_fail_show,
fail_message =>NULL,
fail_code =>NULL,
handler_options =>dbms_macutl.g_ruleset_handler_off,
handler =>NULL);
END;
/
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
dbvowner@aos> – Associate the DBV Rule to the DBV Rule Set
BEGIN
dbms_macadm.add_rule_to_rule_set (
rule_set_name => ‘Can Execute Financials Summary’
, rule_name => ‘Is Sales Summary Allowed’
);
END;
/
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
dbvowner@aos> BEGIN
dbms_macadm.create_command_rule (
command => ‘EXECUTE’
,rule_set_name => ‘Can Execute Financials Summary’
,object_owner => ‘SH’
,object_name => ‘SALES_SUMMARY.RUN_SUMMARY’
,enabled => ‘Y’
);
END;
/
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

查询规则集

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dbvowner@aos>SELECT name,rule_expr
from dvsys.dv$rule
WHERE id# = 5045;

NAME RULE_EXPR

---

Is Sales Summary Allowed sh.can_perform_sales_summary = 1
1 row selected.