Leetcode| 583. 两个字符串的删除操作、72. 编辑距离 Day56

583. Delete Operation for Two Strings

dp[i][j]：以i-1为结尾的字符串word1，和以j-1位结尾的字符串word2，想要达到相等，所需要删除元素的最少次数

• 当word1[i - 1] 与 word2[j - 1]相同的时候
• 当word1[i - 1] 与 word2[j - 1]不相同的时候

当word1[i - 1] 与 word2[j - 1]相同的时候，dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1];

当word1[i - 1] 与 word2[j - 1]不相同的时候，有三种情况：

情况一：删word1[i - 1]，最少操作次数为dp[i - 1][j] + 1

情况二：删word2[j - 1]，最少操作次数为dp[i][j - 1] + 1

情况三：同时删word1[i - 1]和word2[j - 1]，操作的最少次数为dp[i - 1][j - 1] + 2

所以当word1[i - 1] 与 word2[j - 1]不相同的时候，
递推公式：dp[i][j] = min(dp[i - 1][j - 1] + 2, dp[i - 1][j] + 1, dp[i][j - 1] + 1)

class Solution:
    def minDistance(self, word1: str, word2: str) -> int:
        dp = [[0] * (len(word2) + 1) for _ in range(len(word1) + 1)]

        for i in range(len(word1) + 1):
            dp[i][0] = i
        for j in range(len(word2) + 1):
            dp[0][j] = j

        for i in range(1, len(word1) + 1):
            for j in range(1, len(word2) + 1):
                if word1[i - 1] == word2[j - 1]:
                    dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1]
                else:
                    dp[i][j] = min(dp[i - 1][j] + 1, dp[i][j - 1] + 1, dp[i - 1][j - 1] + 2)
        return dp[-1][-1]

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72. Edit Distance

dp[i][j] 表示以下标i-1为结尾的字符串word1，和以下标j-1为结尾的字符串word2，最近编辑距离为dp[i][j]

if (word1[i - 1] == word2[j - 1])
    不操作
if (word1[i - 1] != word2[j - 1])
    增
    删
    换

if (word1[i - 1] == word2[j - 1]) 那么说明不用任何编辑，dp[i][j] 就应该是 dp[i - 1][j - 1]，即dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1]

if (word1[i - 1] != word2[j - 1])

• 操作一：word1删除一个元素，那么就是以下标i - 2为结尾的word1 与 j-1为结尾的word2的最近编辑距离 再加上一个操作。即 dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j] + 1;
• 操作二：word2删除一个元素，那么就是以下标i - 1为结尾的word1 与 j-2为结尾的word2的最近编辑距离 再加上一个操作。即 dp[i][j] = dp[i][j - 1] + 1;

word2添加一个元素，相当于word1删除一个元素

• 操作三：替换元素，word1替换word1[i - 1]，使其与word2[j - 1]相同，此时不用增删加元素。if (word1[i - 1] == word2[j - 1])的时候我们的操作 是 dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1] 。那么只需要一次替换的操作，就可以让 word1[i - 1] 和 word2[j - 1] 相同。所以 dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1] + 1;

class Solution:
    def minDistance(self, word1: str, word2: str) -> int:
        dp = [[0] * (len(word2) + 1) for _ in range(len(word1) + 1)]

        for i in range(len(word1) + 1):
            dp[i][0] = i            # 删除i个元素
        for j in range(len(word2) + 1):
            dp[0][j] = j

        for i in range(1, len(word1) + 1):
            for j in range(1, len(word2) + 1):
                if word1[i - 1] == word2[j - 1]:
                    dp[i][j] = dp[i - 1][j - 1]
                else:
                    dp[i][j] = min(dp[i - 1][j] + 1,        # 删/增
                                   dp[i][j - 1] + 1,
                                   dp[i - 1][j - 1] + 1,    # 替换word1[i - 1] 
                    )

        return dp[-1][-1]