ffmpeg(3) AVIOContext

/**
 * Bytestream IO Context.
 * New fields can be added to the end with minor version bumps.
 * Removal, reordering and changes to existing fields require a major
 * version bump.
 * sizeof(AVIOContext) must not be used outside libav*.
 *
 * @note None of the function pointers in AVIOContext should be called
 *       directly, they should only be set by the client application
 *       when implementing custom I/O. Normally these are set to the
 *       function pointers specified in avio_alloc_context()
 */
typedef struct AVIOContext 
{
    /**
     * A class for private options.
     *
     * If this AVIOContext is created by avio_open2(), av_class is set and
     * passes the options down to protocols.
     *
     * If this AVIOContext is manually allocated, then av_class may be set by
     * the caller.
     *
     * warning -- this field can be NULL, be sure to not pass this AVIOContext
     * to any av_opt_* functions in that case.
     */
    const AVClass *av_class;
    unsigned char *buffer;  /**< Start of the buffer. */
    int buffer_size;        /**< Maximum buffer size */
    unsigned char *buf_ptr; /**< Current position in the buffer */
    unsigned char *buf_end; /**< End of the data, may be less than
                                 buffer+buffer_size if the read function returned
                                 less data than requested, e.g. for streams where
                                 no more data has been received yet. */
    void *opaque;           /**< A private pointer, passed to the read/write/seek/...
                                 functions. */
    int (*read_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size);
    int (*write_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size);
    int64_t (*seek)(void *opaque, int64_t offset, int whence);
    int64_t pos;            /**< position in the file of the current buffer */
    int must_flush;         /**< true if the next seek should flush */
    int eof_reached;        /**< true if eof reached */
    int write_flag;         /**< true if open for writing */
    int max_packet_size;
    unsigned long checksum;
    unsigned char *checksum_ptr;
    unsigned long (*update_checksum)(unsigned long checksum, const uint8_t *buf, unsigned int size);
    int error;              /**< contains the error code or 0 if no error happened */
    /**
     * Pause or resume playback for network streaming protocols - e.g. MMS.
     */
    int (*read_pause)(void *opaque, int pause);
    /**
     * Seek to a given timestamp in stream with the specified stream_index.
     * Needed for some network streaming protocols which don't support seeking
     * to byte position.
     */
    int64_t (*read_seek)(void *opaque, int stream_index,
                         int64_t timestamp, int flags);
    /**
     * A combination of AVIO_SEEKABLE_ flags or 0 when the stream is not seekable.
     */
    int seekable;


    /**
     * max filesize, used to limit allocations
     * This field is internal to libavformat and access from outside is not allowed.
     */
    int64_t maxsize;


    /**
     * avio_read and avio_write should if possible be satisfied directly
     * instead of going through a buffer, and avio_seek will always
     * call the underlying seek function directly.
     */
    int direct;


    /**
     * Bytes read statistic
     * This field is internal to libavformat and access from outside is not allowed.
     */
    int64_t bytes_read;


    /**
     * seek statistic
     * This field is internal to libavformat and access from outside is not allowed.
     */
    int seek_count;


    /**
     * writeout statistic
     * This field is internal to libavformat and access from outside is not allowed.
     */
    int writeout_count;


    /**
     * Original buffer size
     * used internally after probing and ensure seekback to reset the buffer size
     * This field is internal to libavformat and access from outside is not allowed.
     */
    int orig_buffer_size;
}

AVIOContext;

AVIOContext结构体，是Bytestream IO Context，重要的结构体成员变量：

    unsigned char *buffer;  /**< Start of the buffer. */
    int buffer_size;        /**< Maximum buffer size */
    unsigned char *buf_ptr; /**< Current position in the buffer */
    unsigned char *buf_end; /**< End of the data, may be less than
                                 buffer+buffer_size if the read function returned
                                 less data than requested, e.g. for streams where
                                 no more data has been received yet. */

buffer是数据缓冲区的起始地址，buffer_size是缓冲区的大小，buf_ptr指向当前在缓冲区中移动的地址，buf_end是缓冲区的结束地址；

    int (*read_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size);
    int (*write_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size);

两个函数指针，指向对缓冲区进行操作(读/写)的函数

要使用这些成员变量和函数指针，必须要先对其进行初始化：

int avio_open2(AVIOContext **s, const char *filename, int flags,
               const AVIOInterruptCB *int_cb, AVDictionary **options)
{
    URLContext *h;
    int err;


    err = ffurl_open(&h, filename, flags, int_cb, options);
    if (err < 0)
        return err;
    
    err = ffio_fdopen(s, h);
    if (err < 0) 
    {
        ffurl_close(h);
        return err;
    }
    
    return 0;
}

参考ffmpeg(3)，在ffurl_open函数执行完毕后，确定了具体的协议，获取对应的协议支持结构体，此时URLContext *h已经被分配空间并且被正确设置，但是

*s 依然是NULL， 在函数ffio_fdopen中，

    *s = avio_alloc_context(buffer, buffer_size, h->flags & AVIO_FLAG_WRITE, h,
                            (void*)ffurl_read, (void*)ffurl_write, (void*)ffurl_seek);

*s被分配空间并且设置，参数buffer是在函数avio_alloc_context被调用前分配的：

buffer = av_malloc(buffer_size);
    if (!buffer)
        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);


    *s = avio_alloc_context(buffer, buffer_size, h->flags & AVIO_FLAG_WRITE, h,
                            (void*)ffurl_read, (void*)ffurl_write, (void*)ffurl_seek);

AVIOContext *avio_alloc_context(
                  unsigned char *buffer,
                  int buffer_size,
                  int write_flag,
                  void *opaque,
                  int (*read_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size),
                  int (*write_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size),
                  int64_t (*seek)(void *opaque, int64_t offset, int whence))
{

    // *s分配空间
    AVIOContext *s = av_mallocz(sizeof(AVIOContext));
    if (!s)
        return NULL;
    
    ffio_init_context(s, buffer, buffer_size, write_flag, opaque,
                  read_packet, write_packet, seek);
    return s;
}

int ffio_init_context(AVIOContext *s,
                  unsigned char *buffer,
                  int buffer_size,
                  int write_flag,
                  void *opaque,
                  int (*read_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size),
                  int (*write_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size),
                  int64_t (*seek)(void *opaque, int64_t offset, int whence))
{
    s->buffer      = buffer;
    s->orig_buffer_size =
    s->buffer_size = buffer_size;
    s->buf_ptr     = buffer;
    s->opaque      = opaque;
    s->direct      = 0;


    url_resetbuf(s, write_flag ? AVIO_FLAG_WRITE : AVIO_FLAG_READ);


    s->write_packet    = write_packet;
    s->read_packet     = read_packet;
    s->seek            = seek;
    s->pos             = 0;
    s->must_flush      = 0;
    s->eof_reached     = 0;
    s->error           = 0;
    s->seekable        = seek ? AVIO_SEEKABLE_NORMAL : 0;
    s->max_packet_size = 0;
    s->update_checksum = NULL;


    if (!read_packet && !write_flag)
    {
        s->pos     = buffer_size;
        s->buf_end = s->buffer + buffer_size;
    }
    
    s->read_pause = NULL;
    s->read_seek  = NULL;


    return 0;
}

至此，一个AVIOContext结构体实例被分配并且设置完成。

以static int init_input(AVFormatContext *s, const char *filename, AVDictionary **options)函数为例：

    if ((ret = avio_open2(&s->pb, filename, AVIO_FLAG_READ | s->avio_flags,
                          &s->interrupt_callback, options)) < 0)
        return ret;
    
    if (s->iformat)
        return 0;


    return av_probe_input_buffer2(s->pb, &s->iformat, filename,
                                 s, 0, s->probesize);

在avio_open2函数中，创建了&s->pb结构体并且进行了正确设置，在av_probe_input_buffer2函数中，

... 待续。。。