AVIOContext

FFMPEG结构体分析：AVIOContext

<span style="font-size:14px;">/**
 * Bytestream IO Context.
 * New fields can be added to the end with minor version bumps.
 * Removal, reordering and changes to existing fields require a major
 * version bump.
 * sizeof(AVIOContext) must not be used outside libav*.
 *

 */
typedef struct AVIOContext {
    /**
     * A class for private options.
     *
     * If this AVIOContext is created by avio_open2(), av_class is set and
     * passes the options down to protocols.
     *
     * If this AVIOContext is manually allocated, then av_class may be set by
     * the caller.
     *
     * warning -- this field can be NULL, be sure to not pass this AVIOContext
     * to any av_opt_* functions in that case.
     */
    const AVClass *av_class;
    unsigned char *buffer;  <span style="color:#ff0000;">/**< Start of the buffer. */缓存开始的地方</span>
    int buffer_size;        <span style="color:#ff6666;">/**< Maximum buffer size */缓存的大小默认为32768</span>
    unsigned char *buf_ptr; <span style="color:#ff6666;">/**< Current position in the buffer */当前指针读的位置</span>
    unsigned char *buf_end; <span style="color:#ff0000;">/**< End of the data, may be less than缓存结束的位置
                                 buffer+buffer_size if the read function returned
                                 less data than requested, e.g. for streams where
                                 no more data has been received yet. */</span>
    void *opaque;         <span style="color:#ff6666;">  /**< A private pointer, passed to the read/write/seek/...
                                 functions. */指向URLContext 结构体</span>
    int (*read_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size);
    int (*write_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size);
    int64_t (*seek)(void *opaque, int64_t offset, int whence);
    int64_t pos;            /**< position in the file of the current buffer */
    int must_flush;         /**< true if the next seek should flush */
    int eof_reached;        /**< true if eof reached */
    int write_flag;         /**< true if open for writing */
    int max_packet_size;  //如果非0表示最大数据帧的大小 用于分配足够的缓存
    unsigned long checksum;
    unsigned char *checksum_ptr;
    unsigned long (*update_checksum)(unsigned long checksum, const uint8_t *buf, unsigned int size);
    int error;              /**< contains the error code or 0 if no error happened */
    /**
     * Pause or resume playback for network streaming protocols - e.g. MMS.
     */
    int (*read_pause)(void *opaque, int pause);
    /**
     * Seek to a given timestamp in stream with the specified stream_index.
     * Needed for some network streaming protocols which don't support seeking
     * to byte position.
     */
    int64_t (*read_seek)(void *opaque, int stream_index,
                         int64_t timestamp, int flags);
    /**
     * A combination of AVIO_SEEKABLE_ flags or 0 when the stream is not seekable.
     */
    int seekable;


    /**
     * max filesize, used to limit allocations
     * This field is internal to libavformat and access from outside is not allowed.
     */
    int64_t maxsize;


    /**
     * avio_read and avio_write should if possible be satisfied directly
     * instead of going through a buffer, and avio_seek will always
     * call the underlying seek function directly.
     */
    int direct;


    /**
     * Bytes read statistic
     * This field is internal to libavformat and access from outside is not allowed.
     */
    int64_t bytes_read;


    /**
     * seek statistic
     * This field is internal to libavformat and access from outside is not allowed.
     */
    int seek_count;


    /**
     * writeout statistic
     * This field is internal to libavformat and access from outside is not allowed.
     */
    int writeout_count;


    /**
     * Original buffer size
     * used internally after probing and ensure seekback to reset the buffer size
     * This field is internal to libavformat and access from outside is not allowed.
     */
    int orig_buffer_size;
} AVIOContext;</span>

其中 解码是，buffer 用于指向存储ffmpeg读入的数据，opaque指向了URLContext。

注意，这个结构体并不在FFMPEG提供的头文件中，而是在FFMPEG的源代码中。从FFMPEG源代码中翻出的定义如下所示：

typedef struct URLContext {
    const AVClass *av_class;    /**< information for av_log(). Set by url_open(). */
    struct URLProtocol *prot;
    void *priv_data;
    char *filename;             /**< specified URL */
    int flags;
    int max_packet_size;        /**< if non zero, the stream is packetized with this max packet size */
    int is_streamed;            /**< true if streamed (no seek possible), default = false */
    int is_connected;
    AVIOInterruptCB interrupt_callback;
    int64_t rw_timeout;         /**< maximum time to wait for (network) read/write operation completion, in mcs */
} URLContext;

URLContext结构体中还有一个结构体URLProtocol。注：每种协议（rtp，rtmp，file等）对应一个URLProtocol。这个结构体也不在FFMPEG提供的头文件中。从FFMPEG源代码中翻出其的定义：

typedef struct URLProtocol {
    const char *name;
    int     (*url_open)( URLContext *h, const char *url, int flags);
    /**
     * This callback is to be used by protocols which open further nested
     * protocols. options are then to be passed to ffurl_open()/ffurl_connect()
     * for those nested protocols.
     */
    int     (*url_open2)(URLContext *h, const char *url, int flags, AVDictionary **options);

    /**
     * Read data from the protocol.
     * If data is immediately available (even less than size), EOF is
     * reached or an error occurs (including EINTR), return immediately.
     * Otherwise:
     * In non-blocking mode, return AVERROR(EAGAIN) immediately.
     * In blocking mode, wait for data/EOF/error with a short timeout (0.1s),
     * and return AVERROR(EAGAIN) on timeout.
     * Checking interrupt_callback, looping on EINTR and EAGAIN and until
     * enough data has been read is left to the calling function; see
     * retry_transfer_wrapper in avio.c.
     */
    int     (*url_read)( URLContext *h, unsigned char *buf, int size);
    int     (*url_write)(URLContext *h, const unsigned char *buf, int size);
    int64_t (*url_seek)( URLContext *h, int64_t pos, int whence);
    int     (*url_close)(URLContext *h);
    struct URLProtocol *next;
    int (*url_read_pause)(URLContext *h, int pause);
    int64_t (*url_read_seek)(URLContext *h, int stream_index,
                             int64_t timestamp, int flags);
    int (*url_get_file_handle)(URLContext *h);
    int (*url_get_multi_file_handle)(URLContext *h, int **handles,
                                     int *numhandles);
    int (*url_shutdown)(URLContext *h, int flags);
    int priv_data_size;
    const AVClass *priv_data_class;
    int flags;
    int (*url_check)(URLContext *h, int mask);
} URLProtocol;

在这个结构体中，除了一些回调函数接口之外，有一个变量const char *name，该变量存储了协议的名称。每一种输入协议都对应这样一个结构体。

比如说，文件协议中代码如下（file.c）：

URLProtocol ff_file_protocol = {
    .name                = "file",
    .url_open            = file_open,
    .url_read            = file_read,
    .url_write           = file_write,
    .url_seek            = file_seek,
    .url_close           = file_close,
    .url_get_file_handle = file_get_handle,
    .url_check           = file_check,
    .priv_data_size      = sizeof(FileContext),
    .priv_data_class     = &file_class,
};

udp协议：

URLProtocol ff_udp_protocol = {
    .name                = "udp",
    .url_open            = udp_open,
    .url_read            = udp_read,
    .url_write           = udp_write,
    .url_close           = udp_close,
    .url_get_file_handle = udp_get_file_handle,
    .priv_data_size      = sizeof(UDPContext),
    .priv_data_class     = &udp_context_class,
    .flags               = URL_PROTOCOL_FLAG_NETWORK,
};

file协议的几个功能函数：

static int file_read(URLContext *h, unsigned char *buf, int size)
{
    FileContext *c = h->priv_data;
    int r;
    size = FFMIN(size, c->blocksize);
    r = read(c->fd, buf, size);
    return (-1 == r)?AVERROR(errno):r;
}

static int file_write(URLContext *h, const unsigned char *buf, int size)
{
    FileContext *c = h->priv_data;
    int r;
    size = FFMIN(size, c->blocksize);
    r = write(c->fd, buf, size);
    return (-1 == r)?AVERROR(errno):r;
}

static int file_get_handle(URLContext *h)
{
    FileContext *c = h->priv_data;
    return c->fd;
}

static int file_check(URLContext *h, int mask)
{
    int ret = 0;
    const char *filename = h->filename;
    av_strstart(filename, "file:", &filename);

    {
#if HAVE_ACCESS && defined(R_OK)
    if (access(filename, F_OK) < 0)
        return AVERROR(errno);
    if (mask&AVIO_FLAG_READ)
        if (access(filename, R_OK) >= 0)
            ret |= AVIO_FLAG_READ;
    if (mask&AVIO_FLAG_WRITE)
        if (access(filename, W_OK) >= 0)
            ret |= AVIO_FLAG_WRITE;
#else
    struct stat st;
    ret = stat(filename, &st);
    if (ret < 0)
        return AVERROR(errno);

    ret |= st.st_mode&S_IRUSR ? mask&AVIO_FLAG_READ  : 0;
    ret |= st.st_mode&S_IWUSR ? mask&AVIO_FLAG_WRITE : 0;
#endif
    }
    return ret;

}

#if CONFIG_FILE_PROTOCOL

static int file_open(URLContext *h, const char *filename, int flags)
{
    FileContext *c = h->priv_data;
    int access;
    int fd;
    struct stat st;

    av_strstart(filename, "file:", &filename);

    if (flags & AVIO_FLAG_WRITE && flags & AVIO_FLAG_READ) {
        access = O_CREAT | O_RDWR;
        if (c->trunc)
            access |= O_TRUNC;
    } else if (flags & AVIO_FLAG_WRITE) {
        access = O_CREAT | O_WRONLY;
        if (c->trunc)
            access |= O_TRUNC;
    } else {
        access = O_RDONLY;
    }
#ifdef O_BINARY
    access |= O_BINARY;
#endif
    fd = avpriv_open(filename, access, 0666);
    if (fd == -1)
        return AVERROR(errno);
    c->fd = fd;

    h->is_streamed = !fstat(fd, &st) && S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode);

    return 0;
}

/* XXX: use llseek */
static int64_t file_seek(URLContext *h, int64_t pos, int whence)
{
    FileContext *c = h->priv_data;
    int64_t ret;

    if (whence == AVSEEK_SIZE) {
        struct stat st;
        ret = fstat(c->fd, &st);
        return ret < 0 ? AVERROR(errno) : (S_ISFIFO(st.st_mode) ? 0 : st.st_size);
    }

    ret = lseek(c->fd, pos, whence);

    return ret < 0 ? AVERROR(errno) : ret;
}

static int file_close(URLContext *h)
{
    FileContext *c = h->priv_data;
    return close(c->fd);
}
ff_udp_protocol
URLProtocol ff_file_protocol = {
    .name                = "file",
    .url_open            = file_open,
    .url_read            = file_read,
    .url_write           = file_write,
    .url_seek            = file_seek,
    .url_close           = file_close,
    .url_get_file_handle = file_get_handle,
    .url_check           = file_check,
    .priv_data_size      = sizeof(FileContext),
    .priv_data_class     = &file_class,
};

#endif /* CONFIG_FILE_PROTOCOL */