Hibernate 一对多讲解
关联关系
- 什么是关联(association)
1.1 关联指的是类之间的引用关系。如果类A与类B关联，那么被引用的类B将被定义为类A的属性。例如:
class B{
private String name;
}
public class A{
private B b = new B;
public A(){}
}
1.2 关联的分类：关联可以分为一对一、一对多/多对一、多对多关联
关联是有方向的
实例（订单与订单项）
注意：在数据库里有一个订单表和一个订单项表
Order
public class Order {
private Integer orderId;
private String orderNo;
//建立了关联关系，一个订单对应着多个订单项
private List<OrderItem> orderItems =new ArrayList<>();
private Integer initChildren=0;//0是懒加载，1是false
public Integer getInitChildren() {
return initChildren;
}
public void setInitChildren(Integer initChildren) {
this.initChildren = initChildren;
}
public List<OrderItem> getOrderItems() {
return orderItems;
}
public void setOrderItems(List<OrderItem> orderItems) {
this.orderItems = orderItems;
}
public Integer getOrderId() {
return orderId;
}
public void setOrderId(Integer orderId) {
this.orderId = orderId;
}
public String getOrderNo() {
return orderNo;
}
public void setOrderNo(String orderNo) {
this.orderNo = orderNo;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Order [orderId=" + orderId + ", orderNo=" + orderNo + "]";
}
}
OrderItem
public class OrderItem {
private Integer orderItemId;
private Integer productId;
private Integer quantity;
private Integer oid;
// 建立关联关系
private Order order;
public Integer getOrderItemId() {
return orderItemId;
}
public void setOrderItemId(Integer orderItemId) {
this.orderItemId = orderItemId;
}
public Integer getProductId() {
return productId;
}
public void setProductId(Integer productId) {
this.productId = productId;
}
public Integer getQuantity() {
return quantity;
}
public void setQuantity(Integer quantity) {
this.quantity = quantity;
}
public Integer getOid() {
return oid;
}
public void setOid(Integer oid) {
this.oid = oid;
}
public Order getOrder() {
return order;
}
public void setOrder(Order order) {
this.order = order;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "OrderItem [orderItemId=" + orderItemId + ", productId=" + productId + ", quantity=" + quantity
+ ", oid=" + oid + ", order=" + order + "]";
}
}
Order.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.xyx.three.entity.Order" table="c">
<id name="orderId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_id">
<generator class="increment" />
</id>
<property name="orderNo" type="java.lang.String" column="order_no">
</property>
<!-- bag标签
lazy:是否懒加载 ，默认是懒加载 true 懒汉模式
name:类的关联属性名
cascade：级联关系级联新增与修改
inverse：关联关系交给对方控制默认是true,当前类不维护关联关系
子标签key：
column：主表的主键 从表的外键
子标签one-to-many：
class：外键对应的实体类
-->
<bag lazy="true" name="orderItems" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
<!-- 从表外键 -->
<key column="oid"></key>
<one-to-many class="com.xyx.three.entity.OrderItem"/>
</bag>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
OrderItem.htm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
<class name="com.xyx.three.entity.OrderItem" table="t_hibernate_order_item">
<id name="orderItemId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="order_item_id">
<generator class="increment" />
</id>
<property name="productId" type="java.lang.Integer" column="product_id">
</property>
<property name="quantity" type="java.lang.Integer" column="quantity">
</property>
<property name="oid" type="java.lang.Integer" column="oid" insert="false" update="false">
</property>
<many-to-one name="order" class="com.xyx.three.entity.Order" column="oid"></many-to-one>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
hibernate.cfg.xml Order 和OrderItem的配置
<!-- 一对多 -->
<mapping resource="com/xyx/three/entity/Order.hbm.xml"/>
<mapping resource="com/xyx/three/entity/OrderItem.hbm.xml"/>
Dao
DemoDao
public class DemoDao {
/**
* 为了测试关系型映射文件配置准确
* 讲解insert=false，update=false的用途
* @param order
* @return
*/
public Integer addOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Integer oid = (Integer)session.save(order);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return oid;
}
public Integer addOrderItem(OrderItem orderItem) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Integer otid = (Integer)session.save(orderItem);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return otid;
}
/**
* 为了讲解懒加载的问题（hibernate3.0后所有查询方式默认采用的是懒加载方式）
* 1、查单个时存在问题，代理对象已经关闭
* 2、查多个存在问题，有性能的问题
* @param order
* @return
*/
public Order getOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Order o = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
if(o != null && new Integer(1).equals(order.getInitChildren())) {
//强制加载关联对象
Hibernate.initialize(o.getOrderItems());
// System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
}
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return o;
}
public List<Order> getOrderList() {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
List<Order> list = session.createQuery("from Order").list();
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return list;
}
/**
* z主表的数据不能随便删除，得先删除从表中对应信息，才能删除主表的信息。
* @param order
*/
public void delOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Order order2 = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
for (OrderItem oi : order2.getOrderItems()) {
session.delete(oi);
}
session.delete(order2);
// session.delete(order);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
}
DemoDaoTest(编写Junit测试)
public class DemoDaoTest {
private DemoDao demoDao=new DemoDao();
/**
* 为了测试关系映射文件配置准确
* 讲解insert=false .update=false用途
* @throws Exception
*/
// @Before
// public void setUp() throws Exception {
// System.out.println("加载资源");
// }
//
// @After
// public void tearDown() throws Exception {
// System.out.println("释放资源的");
// }
@Test
public void testAddOrder() {
Order order = new Order();
order.setOrderNo("P20");//型号
OrderItem orderItem=null;
for (int i=0 ;i<6 ; i++) {
orderItem =new OrderItem();//订单项
orderItem.setProductId(1+i);//编号
orderItem.setQuantity(20+i);//产量
//往订单里面设置订单
orderItem.setOrder(order);
//维护关联关系
//往订单项里面加订单项
order.getOrderItems().add(orderItem);
}
demoDao.addOrder(order);
}
@Test
public void testAddOrderItem() {
OrderItem orderItem =new OrderItem();
orderItem.setProductId(12);
orderItem.setQuantity(31);
Order order=new Order();
order.setOrderId(1);
order.getOrderItems().add(orderItem);
orderItem.setOrder(order);
demoDao.addOrderItem(orderItem);
}
@Test
public void testGetOrder() {
//查询Id为2的订单
Order order=new Order();
order.setOrderId(2);
Order o = this.demoDao.getOrder(order);
// failed to lazily initialize a collection of role:
// com.xyx.three.entity.Order.orderItems,
// could not initialize proxy - no Session
//原因：操作了两次数据库：当lazy=false的时候。会让hibernate执行完成两次操作，session才会关闭
//当lazy=true的时候。会让hibernate执行完成一次操作，session就会关闭
//从上面lazy=false更好，但是为什么hibernate默认让他等于true?
//处于性能的考虑，所以hibernate3.0出现了lazy这个属性，并让它默认等于true,也就是说不加载关联属性
List<OrderItem> orderItems = o.getOrderItems();
for (OrderItem orderItem : orderItems) {
System.out.println(orderItem);
}
System.out.println(o);
}
@Test
public void testGetOrderList() {
List<Order> orderList = this.demoDao.getOrderList();
for (Order order : orderList) {
for (OrderItem orderItem : order.getOrderItems()) {
System.out.println(orderItem);
}
System.out.println(order);
}
}
@Test
public void testDelOrder() {
Order order=new Order();
order.setOrderId(4);
this.demoDao.delOrder(order);
}
}
一对多执行原理
hibernate框架一对多执行原理
1，对hibernate.cfg.xml建模，得到了s'sessionfactory对象
2.并且拿到了mapping resource的内容
3.拿到了Order.hbm.xml配置文件
4.可以再次建模，拿到了com.xyx.three.entity.Order以经t_hibernate_order
类属性以经表的列段
5.生成动态sql select orderId,orderNo from t_hibernate_order:
执行sql最终得到meterData(源数据模型)
orderId,orderNo
1 p1
2 p2
3 p3
5 P20
6. Order o1=Class.forName("com.xyx.three.entity.Order").newInstance;
o1.setOrderId(1);
o1.setOrderNo(p1)
.....
最终得到；
List<Order> list=new ArrrayList();
list.add(o1);
...
最终list集合里面的order实列都有值了；（这里只是处理了表里面的非外键列段，原理完全和baseDao一样）
7：出来关联关系orderItems oid com.xyx.three.entity.OrderItem
通过one-to_many这个标签以经class对应的全路径名找到对应的专属映射文件
也就是找到了order,item,xml这个文件，拿到了他之后就拿到了 table t_hibernate_order
8:select * from t_hibernate_order
最终得到了一个List<OrderItem>orderItems
9:给order的关联关系赋值
List<Order> list=new ArrayList();
for(Order o:list){
o.setOrderItems(orderItems);
}
懒汉模式
lazy默认等于false 会把所有的订单都查出来 (太耗性能)
lazy默认等于true 会报错 failed to lazily initialize a collection of role:
com.xyx.three.entity.Order.orderItems,
could not initialize proxy - no Session
而这个时候我们该怎么办呢？有点时候需要加载可有的时候不需要加载啊
<bag lazy="true" name="orderItems" cascade="save-update" inverse="true">
在order加上private initChildren=0；就可以了
if(o != null && new Integer(1).equals(order.getInitChildren())) {
//强制加载关联对象
Hibernate.initialize(o.getOrderItems());
// System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
}
/**
* 为了讲解懒加载的问题（hibernate3.0后所有查询方式默认采用的是懒加载方式）
* 1、查单个时存在问题，代理对象已经关闭
* 2、查多个存在问题，有性能的问题
* @param order
* @return
*/
public Order getOrder(Order order) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
Order o = session.get(Order.class, order.getOrderId());
if(o != null && new Integer(1).equals(order.getInitChildren())) {
//强制加载关联对象
Hibernate.initialize(o.getOrderItems());
// System.out.println(o.getOrderItems());
}
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return o;
}
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