研究生英语阅读教程

单选：

翻译：

Lesson1
1. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk.
因为英语是个杀手。正是英语造成了康瑞克、康尼施、诺恩、曼科斯等语言的消亡。在其中一部分岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。英语对现存的凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、 苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，它们的未来岌岌可危。
2. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguisticism (a condition parallel to racism and sexism). As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have (by design or default) encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion.
同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（和种族歧视、性别歧视的情况类似）的偏见密切相关。在菲利普森看来，在以白人英语为主导的世界，最重要的机构和个人（有意或 无意地）鼓励或者至少是容忍了（肯定没有反对）英语霸权主义式的传播。这种传播始于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。
3. By and large, we now view them as more or less benign, and often talk with admiration and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they have given to the world. And it is fairly safe to do this, because none of them now poses much of a threat.
总的来说，我们现在或多或少地把这些语言看作有利的语言。在谈到与之相关的文化及其为世界所做的贡献时，我们常怀有崇敬与赞赏，而且这样做也没有太大的风险，因为这些语言现在已不会构成什么威胁。
4. Yet many people see English as a blessing. Let me leave aside here the obvious advantages possessed by any world language, such as a large communicative network, a strong literary and media complex, and a powerful cultural and educational apparatus.
然而，许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。在此，我暂且不谈任何世界语言所具有的明显优势，例如广泛的通信网，强大的文化传媒体系，及强有力的文化教育机构。
5. English-speaking South Africans of British descent were not particularly strong in opposing the apartheid regime, and the black opposition, whose members had many languages, was at first weak and disorganized.
讲英语的南非和英国后裔并不强烈反对种族隔离政权， 而黑人反对力量， 其成员讲多种语言，在初期软弱无力且缺乏组织。
6. There is something of yang in every yin, of yin in every yang. Although they are opposites, they belong together: in this instance within the circle of communication. Such symbolism suggests that the users of the world's lingua franca should seek to benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the curse.
阴中有阳，阳中有阴。两者虽相反，但共存。就我们这里的问题来说，指的是在同一交流圈内。这一象征表明这种世界通用语的使用者应充分发掘这一幸事为我们带来的好处,同时尽能避免招来灾难。
Lesson 2
1. It was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me --- I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love.
大家都知道我失败了。我甚至想到要离开硅谷。 但是我渐渐意识到我仍然热爱我从事的工但是我渐渐意识到我仍然热爱我从事的工作。苹果公司发生的这些事情丝毫没有改变这一作。苹果公司发生的这些事情丝毫没有改变这一点，一点儿也没有。我被炒了鱿鱼，但是我点，一点儿也没有。我被炒了鱿鱼，但是我仍然钟爱我所做的事情。仍然钟爱我所做的事情。
2. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.
作为一个成功者的负重感被作为一个重新创业者的轻松感所代替，一切都还不确定。这让一切都还不确定。这让我我觉得如此自由，进入了我生命中最有创造力的一个阶觉得如此自由，进入了我生命中最有创造力的一个阶段。
3. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don’t lose faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You've got to find what you love.
这个良药的味道实在是太苦了,,但是我想病人需要但是我想病人需要它。有时候有时候,,人生会用砖头打你人生会用砖头打你的脑袋的脑袋。不要失去信心。我很清楚，唯一使我一直走下去的，就是我做的事情令我无比钟爱。你要找到你所爱的东西。
4. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way i know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked .there is no reason not to follow your heart.
记住你要死去，是我知道避免陷入认为你已经失去某些东西的思维陷阱的最好方法，你已经一无所有，没有理由不去追随你的内心。
5. Your time is limited, so don’t waste it living someone else’s life. Don’t the trapped by dogma--which is living with the results of other people’s thinking. Don’t let the noise of others’ opinions drown out your inner voice.
你的时间有限,所以不要浪费时间去过别人的生活。不要被信条所惑——盲从信条是活在别人的思考结果。不要让别人的意见淹没了你内心的声音。

Lesson3
1、Right then I learned another lesson.Right then I learned another lesson. To avoid that kind of depression meant,To avoid that kind of depression meant, inevitably, having to endure a certain amount of worry and concern.inevitably, having to endure a certain amount of worry and concern.
就在那时我又得到一条经验。就是要想避免这种郁闷，就不可避免要经受某种担忧和担心。

2、Any time,Any time, it seems,it seems, that we set out aggressively to get that we set out aggressively to get something we want,something we want, we meet we meet up with anxiety.up with anxiety. And it is going to be our traveling companion,And it is going to be our traveling companion, at last part of the at last part of the way,way, into any new venture.into any new venture.

看来任何时候只要我们开始积极努力获取我们想要的东西，我们都会感到焦虑。焦虑将伴随
我们进行新的冒险，至少是部分行程的“驴友”。

3、I had benefited,I had benefited, I discovered,I discovered, from a process psychologists call “extinction”. If you from a process psychologists call “extinction”. If you put an individual in an anxieput an individual in an anxietyty--provoking situation often enough,provoking situation often enough, he will he will eventually learn that there isn’t anything to be worried about.eventually learn that there isn’t anything to be worried about.

我发现我得益于心理学家称之为“消失”的过程。 如果你把一个人放在一种使人焦虑的环境中，长此以往，他就会形成一种习惯，最终觉得 没有什么值得担忧的了。

4、And ever since,And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most exotic of places,I have never hesitated to head for even the most exotic of places, without guides or even advanced bookings,without guides or even advanced bookings, confident that someconfident that somehow I will managehow I will manage..
自那以后即使是到最不熟悉的地方去，我也不会犹豫。没有导游，甚至没有预定旅馆我也不怕，因为我很自信，我能安排好这一切。

5、And I know I'm going to go on doing such things. It's not because I'm braver or And I know I'm going to go on doing such things. It's not because I'm braver or more daring than others. I'm not. more daring than others. I'm not. But I don’t let the butterflies stop me from doing But I don’t let the butterflies stop me from doing what I wantwhat I want.. Accept anxiety as another name for challenge and you Accept anxiety as another name for challenge and you can accomplish can accomplish wanders.wanders.

我知道我还会继续做这类事情。并不是因为我勇敢，或比别人胆子大，不是的。只是我不想只是我不想让发慌来阻止我去做我想做的事情，把焦虑当作挑战，这样你才能创造奇迹。
Lesson4
1、However, just as exceeding the speed limit willHowever, just as exceeding the speed limit will,, when traffic police are performing when traffic police are performing properlyproperly,, lead to a speeding ticketlead to a speeding ticket,, so being interviewed for an attractive so being interviewed for an attractive careercareer--entry position willentry position will,, when the interviewer knows what when the interviewer knows what to look foto look forr,, lead lead directly or indirectly to the question “why should we hire youdirectly or indirectly to the question “why should we hire you?”?”

然而，就像当交警执法时，司机超速就要吃罚单，同样，在面试一份吸引人的、某一行业的职位的时候，如果面试官清楚地知道他们要找什么，就会直接或间接地问这样一个问题：我们为们为什么要雇用你？

2、For someone wishing to begin a new carFor someone wishing to begin a new careereer,, the prospects are starting the prospects are starting to look nasty to look nasty and brutishand brutish,, and the immediate picture is distinctly short of jobsand the immediate picture is distinctly short of jobs,, hourshours,, and and rewardrewards for new employees.s for new employees.

对于那些想要开始新的职业生涯的人来说，前途开始变的险恶和残酷，而眼前的形势就是工作少，时间短，给新员工的工资也减少。
3、Other students may find their academic work difficult and demanding enough Other students may find their academic work difficult and demanding enough
without adding the headache of anticipating yet more demands.
without adding the headache of anticipating yet more demands. Still others may Still others may trust their chosen vocationally based academic program to put them on the correct trust their chosen vocationally based academic program to put them on the correct job track. job track.

其他学生可能认为学业课程已经很难，要求很高了，因此不想再费脑筋去想那些更多的要求了。了。还有一些学生可能相信他们所选的专业性很强的学科会把他们送入正确的就业道路。
4、Being aware of the competition you face in your chosen field could certainly make Being aware of the competition you face in your chosen field could certainly make the pursuit of good grades more meaningful. the pursuit of good grades more meaningful. If you are in prIf you are in program with a variety of ogram with a variety of optional courses,optional courses, your knowledge of the job market’s demands will help you to your knowledge of the job market’s demands will help you to make more informed decisions.make more informed decisions.

清楚地知道面临自己所选领域中的竞争，无疑会使你为获得好成绩的努力更有意义。如果，在你的学习过程中有各种选修课，如果你了解了就业市场的需求，就能帮助你做出更多明智的抉择。
5、Some of your instructors may be actively involved in their fields; others may have Some of your instructors may be actively involved in their fields; others may have informal but vital contacts with emplinformal but vital contacts with employers or former students in business and oyers or former students in business and technology. technology. You may discover that it is quite easy to gain insight into your field of You may discover that it is quite easy to gain insight into your field of interest just by sounding out your teachers.interest just by sounding out your teachers.
你的一些老师 可能会积极参与他们的领域活动； 其他老师可能与商业和技术领域的雇主或以
前的学生保持着非正式但重要的联系。 你可能会发现只是到老师那里探听些消息就能非常容
易地深入了解你感兴趣的领域。

作文：

online reading

Online Reading: A Gateway to Boundless Knowledge

In today's digital era, online reading has emerged as a pivotal tool in accessing a wealth of information and knowledge. Through the convenience of digital platforms, readers can explore diverse subjects, access literary works, and engage with a global community of ideas.

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However, amidst the digital abundance, it's essential to discern credible sources and maintain a balance between online and offline reading. While online platforms offer vast knowledge, traditional reading habits shouldn't be disregarded.

In essence, online reading serves as a gateway to a world of limitless knowledge, empowering individuals to explore, learn, and grow in unprecedented ways.

online shopping

The Digital Revolution of Shopping

The emergence of online shopping has profoundly reshaped our consumer landscape. This digital metamorphosis has revolutionized the way we acquire goods and services, presenting a myriad of conveniences.

Foremost, online shopping epitomizes convenience. Armed with an internet connection, shoppers navigate virtual stores, accessing a global marketplace without stepping foot outside their homes. The ease of browsing, comparing prices, and securing purchases from a vast array of products defines this convenience.

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However, vigilance remains crucial in this digital realm. Safeguarding personal information and patronizing trustworthy vendors are essential safeguards against potential cyber threats.

In essence, online shopping transcends mere convenience, offering accessibility, competitive pricing, and time efficiency. Its pervasive influence underscores its role as a cornerstone of contemporary consumerism.

working in big city

Working in a Big City

Working in a bustling metropolis offers a tapestry of experiences, blending challenges and opportunities that shape both professional trajectories and personal growth.

Big cities pulsate with a dynamic energy, fostering an environment ripe with diverse career prospects. The array of industries and networking opportunities creates a fertile ground for career advancement. Moreover, the influx of talent and ideas stimulates innovation, pushing individuals to excel in their fields.

However, amidst the allure of career prospects, the urban landscape presents its own set of challenges. The fast-paced lifestyle and competitive nature of big city jobs demand resilience and adaptability. Long commutes and the high cost of living often necessitate sacrifices, balancing personal aspirations with professional pursuits.

Yet, the city's diversity and cultural richness provide an unparalleled tapestry for personal growth. Interacting with individuals from varied backgrounds fosters understanding and broadens perspectives, enriching not just professional lives but also nurturing a deeper sense of inclusivity and empathy.

In essence, working in a big city encapsulates a multifaceted journey—a blend of opportunities, challenges, and personal development—crafting a unique narrative in the career trajectory of individuals daring enough to embrace its vibrancy

homesickness

Navigating Freshman Homesickness

Homesickness pervades the experience of college freshmen, encapsulating the poignant transition from the comforting embrace of home to the uncharted territory of university life. The ache stems from severed familial ties and the daunting prospect of newfound autonomy.

Its origins are manifold. The rigorous academic demands, upheaval of familiar routines, and the struggle to form new social connections compound this yearning for familiarity. Yet, overcoming homesickness necessitates a proactive approach. Active engagement in campus activities and clubs facilitates a sense of belonging, easing the transition. Establishing a support network within the student community and seeking guidance from mentors assuages the emotional toll. Consistent communication with family and friends through modern technology acts as a lifeline, bridging the emotional distance.   

In essence，it's a transition where embracing change becomes a catalyst for self-discovery, enabling students to navigate not only the homesickness but also the broader challenges of university life, ultimately shaping their path toward personal and academic success.