1.Service是什么
A Service
is an application component that can perform long-running operations in the background and does not provide a user interface
a. Service是一个应用程序组件
b. Service没有图形化界面
c. Service通常用来处理一些耗时比较长的操作
d.可以使用Service更新ContentProvider,发送Intent以及启动系统的通知等等
2.Service不是什么
a. Service不是一个单独的进程(一个进程可能包含多个线程)
b. Service不是一个线程
3.Service的生命周期
4.启动和停止Service的方法
5.Service操作
a.新建一个ServiceAcity.java的类,继承自Service,手动添加重写onCreate(),onDestroy(),onStart()方法
package wei.cao.test;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
public class FirstService extends Service {
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return null;
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onCreate();
System.out.println("Service onCreate");
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onDestroy();
System.out.println("Service onDestroy");
}
@Override
public void onStart(Intent intent, int startId) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("startId--->"+startId);
System.out.println("Service onStart");
super.onStart(intent, startId);
}
}
b.在AndroidManifes.xml对Service进行注册,注册方法与Activity注册的方法一样
<service android:name=".FirstService"></service>
c.新建一个启动Service的类ServiceActivity.java
package wei.cao.test;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
public class ServiceActivity extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
private Button btnStartService;
private Button btnStopService;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
btnStartService=(Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btnStartService);
btnStopService=(Button)this.findViewById(R.id.btnStopService);
btnStartService.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View arg0) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Intent intent=new Intent();
intent.setClass(ServiceActivity.this, FirstService.class);
startService(intent);
}
});
btnStopService.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View arg0) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Intent intent=new Intent();
intent.setClass(ServiceActivity.this, FirstService.class);
startService(intent);
stopService(intent);
}
});
}
}
d.执行结果(依次单击->StartService,StartService,StopService,StartService):
3.什么是Bound Services
Bound Services允许其它的组件(比如Activits)绑定到这个Services,可以发送请求,也可以接受请求,甚至进行进程间的通话,Bound Services仅仅在服务于其它组建时存在,不能独自无期限的在后台运行
创建Bound Services
当创建一个能提供绑定功能的服务时,必须指定一个IBinder对象,客户端使用这个对象与服务端进行交互,在Android中有三种定义方式:
1.继承Binder类
2.使用Messager
3.使用AIDL(Android Interface Defination Language)
a.通过继承Binder类来创建Bound Services
创建一个BoundServices类
package wei.cao.test;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.util.Log;
public class BinderServices extends Service {
private MyBinder myBinder=new MyBinder();
private static final String TAG = "BinderServices";
//内部类
public class MyBinder extends Binder
{
//返回BinderServices的实例
public BinderServices getService()
{
return BinderServices.this;
}
}
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) {
return myBinder;
}
public void myMethod()
{
Log.i(TAG, "myMethod()");
}
}
创建一个Actiivty
package wei.cao.test;
import wei.cao.test.BinderServices.MyBinder;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
public class Services_03Activity extends Activity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
private Button btnBind,btnUnBind=null;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
btnBind.setOnClickListener(clickListener);
btnUnBind.setOnClickListener(clickListener);
}
private OnClickListener clickListener=new OnClickListener(){
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.btnBind:
Intent intent=new Intent();
bindService(intent,conn, 1);
break;
case R.id.btnUnBind:
unbindService(conn);
break;
default:
break;
}
}
};
//匿名内部类
private ServiceConnection conn=new ServiceConnection()
{
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
//需要向上转型
MyBinder myBinder=(MyBinder)service;
BinderServices binderServices=myBinder.getService();
//调用BinderServices对象中的myMethod()方法
binderServices.myMethod();
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
}
};
}
4.IntentService的使用(由于Service与主线程在同一线程内,如果Service中的内容执行时间比较长,会导致等待的时间比较长,当然也可以在Service里面重新创建一个线程)
IntentService是Service类的子类,用来处理异步请求,客户端通过startService(Intent)方法传递请求给IntentService,IntentService通过worker thread处理每个Intent对象(每次只去取一个Intent对象),执行完所有工作后自动停止Service.
1.写构造函数
2.复写onHandleIntent()方法
3.IntentService执行如下操作:
创建一个与应用程序主线程分开worker thread用来处理通过传递过来的Intent请求
创建一个work quene,一次只传递一个intent到onHandleIntent()方法中,从而不用担心线程带来的问题
当处理完所有请求后停止服务,而不需要我们自己调用stopSelf()方法
默认实现了onBind()方法,值为null
默认实现了onStartCommand()方法,这个方法将会把我们的intent对象放入到work quene,然后在onHandleIntent()中执行
package wei.cao.test;
import android.app.IntentService;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.util.Log;
public class ExampleIntentService extends IntentService {
private static final String TAG = "ExampleIntentService";
public ExampleIntentService(String name) {
super(name);
}
@Override
protected void onHandleIntent(Intent arg0) {
try{
Log.i(TAG,"ExampleIntentService线程的ID"+Thread.currentThread().getId());
//模拟运行时间较长的操作
Log.i(TAG,"文件下载......");
Thread.sleep(2000);
}
catch(Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}