字符串及处理之七: ATL转换宏

ATL转换宏
ATL：转换宏是各种字符编码之间进行转换的一种很方便的方式，在函数调用时，它们显得非常有用。为了使用这些宏，需要先包含atlconv.h头文件。ATL转换宏的名称是根据下面的模式来命名的[源类型]2[新类型]或者[源类型]2C[新类型]。据有第二种形式的名字的宏的转换结果是常量指针（对应名字中的"C"）。各种类型的简称如下：
A: MBCS string, char* (A for ANSI)
W: Unicode string, wchar_t* (W for wide)
T: TCHAR string, TCHAR*
OLE: OLECHAR string, OLECHAR* (in practice, equivalent to W)
BSTR: BSTR (used as the destination type only)

下面是一些各种转换宏的使用例子：

// Functions taking various strings:
void Foo ( LPCWSTR wstr );
void Bar ( BSTR bstr );
// Functions returning strings:
void Baz ( BSTR* pbstr );
#include <atlconv.h>
main()
{
using std::string;
USES_CONVERSION; // declare locals used by the ATL macros
// Example 1: Send an MBCS string to Foo()
LPCSTR psz1 = "Bob";
string str1 = "Bob";

Foo ( A2CW(psz1) );
Foo ( A2CW(str1.c_str()) );

// Example 2: Send a MBCS and Unicode string to Bar()
LPCSTR psz2 = "Bob";
LPCWSTR wsz = L"Bob";
BSTR bs1;
CComBSTR bs2;

bs1 = A2BSTR(psz2); // create a BSTR
bs2.Attach ( W2BSTR(wsz) ); // ditto, assign to a CComBSTR
Bar ( bs1 );
Bar ( bs2 );

SysFreeString ( bs1 ); // free bs1 memory
// No need to free bs2 since CComBSTR will do it for us.

// Example 3: Convert the BSTR returned by Baz()
BSTR bs3 = NULL;
string str2;
Baz ( &bs3 ); // Baz() fills in bs3
str2 = W2CA(bs3); // convert to an MBCS string
SysFreeString ( bs3 ); // free bs3 memory
}