SpringMVC学习笔记（一）：mvc流程和思路

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-04 14:44:29 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-04 14:44:29 发布

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分类专栏： javaweb框架 javaweb 文章标签： spring mvc 框架

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spring mvc框架是一个mvc框架，通过实现mvc很好的将数据、业务、展现进行分离
spring MVC 的设计围绕DispatcherServlet 展开的，
由DispatcherServlet负责将请求派发到特定的handler

一、MVC架构流程：
这里写图片描述

二、SpringMVC架构流程：
这里写图片描述

三、SpringMVC 框架搭建步骤：

1、 创建工程，拷贝springmvc相关的jar,放入lib中
2、配置web.xml,配置前段控制器DispatcherServlet
<servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

3、在web-inf下创建springmvc.xml， [servletname]-servlet.xml
文件名必须为springmvc-servlet.xml
4、配置HandlerMapping 根据beanname找到对应的controller(可以省略)
5、创建需要发出请求的jsp页面
6、创建具体Controller 继承 AbstractController重写HandlerRequestInternal
        //返回数据和界面
        ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("index");
        mav.addObject("helloworld","hello  " + hello);
7、<!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!-- 配置前缀和后缀 -->
        <property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>
8、  <!-- 配置Controller -->
    <bean name="/hello.do" class="com.lin.HelloController"></bean>

四、入门实例。
1、web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
  <display-name>SpringMVC01</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
  <!--配置前段控制器DispatcherServlet-->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern><!--以.do为后缀的jsp将触发选择器-->
  </servlet-mapping>
  <!--Encode编码过滤器-->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encodeFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>com.lin.EncodeFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encodeFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>

  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>
</web-app>

2、 springmvc-servlet.xml创建并配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd">

    <!-- 配置Controller -->
    <bean name="/hello.do" class="com.lin.HelloController"></bean>
    <!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!-- 配置前缀和后缀 -->
        <property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>


</beans>

3、发送请求的hello.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
    <title>My JSP 'hello.jsp' starting page</title>
    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
    <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
    <!--
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
    -->

  </head>

  <body>
    <form action="hello.do" method="post">
        hello:<input type="text" name="hello"/>
        <input type="submit" value="submit">
    </form>
  </body>
</html>

4、具体Controller

package com.lin;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.AbstractController;

public class HelloController extends AbstractController {

    @Override
    protected ModelAndView handleRequestInternal(HttpServletRequest request,
            HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        String hello = request.getParameter("hello");
        System.out.println("-----" + hello);

        ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("index");
        mav.addObject("helloworld","hello  " + hello);

        return mav;
    }

}

5、ModelAndView返回界面index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
  <head>
    <base href="<%=basePath%>">
    <title>My JSP 'index.jsp' starting page</title>
    <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
    <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
    <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
    <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
    <!--
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
    -->
  </head>

  <body>
    <h1>${helloworld }</h1>
  </body>
</html>

6、EncodeFilter过滤器

package com.lin;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class EncodeFilter implements Filter{

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse resp,
            FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
        request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        chain.doFilter(req, resp);
    }

    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

}