Entity Framework 6 Code First 多个Dbcontext的迁移方法

Entity Framework code first migrations（迁移） 允许我们基于实体来创建和更新数据库. Entity Framework5 code first migrations只能更新一个DbContext. Now, Entity Framework6 code first migrations 现在可以针对每个数据库实例更新多个DbContext。 下面我们看看在EF6中如何实现该功能.

原文链接：http://www.dotnet-tricks.com/Tutorial/entityframework/2VOa140214-Entity-Framework-6-Code-First-Migrations-with-Multiple-Data-Contexts.html

Entity Framework code first migrations（迁移） 允许我们基于实体来创建和更新数据库. Entity Framework5 code first migrations只能更新一个DbContext. Now, Entity Framework6 code first migrations 现在可以针对每个数据库实例更新多个DbContext。 下面我们看看在EF6中如何实现该功能.

假设你有两个 DbContext， DataContext和UserDataContext. 你需要合并这两个DataContext到一个数据库实例中.

实体模型

   
   
public class User
{
 public int UserID { set; get; }
 public string FirstName { set; get; }
 public string LastName { set; get; }
}
 
public class Role
{
 public int RoleID { set; get; }
 public string RolesName { set; get; }
} 
 
public class Order
{
 public int OrderID { set; get; }
 public int Quantity { set; get; }
 public double Amount { set; get; }
 public DateTime Date { set; get; }
}

数据库上下文

   
   
//first DbContext
namespace MultiDataContextMigrations.Models
{
public class DataContext : DbContext
{
 public DataContext()
 : base("DefaultConnection")
 {
 
 }
 
 protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
 {
 //TODO:Define mapping
 }
 
 public DbSet Users { get; set; }
 public DbSet Orders { get; set; }
}
}
//second DbContext
namespace MultiDataContextMigrations.Models
{
public class UserDataContext : DbContext
{
 public UserDataContext():base("DefaultConnection")
 {
 }
 
 protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
 {
 //TODO:Define mapping
 }
 
 public DbSet Users { get; set; }
 public DbSet Roles { get; set; }
}
}

实例1 : 一个项目中含有多个 DbContext

假设你在一个项目中含有两个DbContext，如下图：

在vs2012和vs2013的程序包管理控制台中，运行下面的命令可以分别将同一项目中的多个Dbcontex进行迁移:

   
   
enable-migrations -ContextTypeName <DbContext-Name-with-Namespaces> -MigrationsDirectory:<Migrations-Directory-Name>
Add-Migration -configuration <DbContext-Migrations-Configuration-Class-with-Namespaces> <Migrations-Name>
Update-Database -configuration <DbContext-Migrations-Configuration-Class-with-Namespaces> -Verbose

迁移第一个 DbContext(DataContext)

   
   
enable-migrations -ContextTypeName MultiDataContextMigrations.Models.DataContext -MigrationsDirectory:DataContextMigrations
Add-Migration -configuration MultiDataContextMigrations.DataContextMigrations.Configuration Initial
Update-Database -configuration MultiDataContextMigrations.DataContextMigrations.Configuration -Verbose

如果你在命令行执行了上面的命令，我们会看到如下的实际效果:

1. 首先，一个迁移文件夹被创建，文件夹中有一个config类文件.

   

        
        
   internal sealed class Configuration : DbMigrationsConfiguration
   {
    public Configuration()
    {
    AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = false;
    //Helps to migrate this DbContext to database
    MigrationsDirectory = @"DataContextMigrations"; 
    }
    protected override void Seed(MultiDataContextMigrations.Models.DataContext context)
    {
    // This method will be called after migrating to the latest version.
    }
   }

2. 第二，对应我们添加的迁移项，会生成一个类文件，显示更新的内容，本例中为创建表：

        
        
   public partial class Initial : DbMigration
   {
    public override void Up()
    {
    CreateTable(
    "dbo.Orders",
    c => new
    {
    OrderID = c.Int(nullable: false, identity: true),
    Quantity = c.Int(nullable: false),
    Amount = c.Double(nullable: false),
    Date = c.DateTime(nullable: false),
    })
    .PrimaryKey(t => t.OrderID);
    
    CreateTable(
    "dbo.Users",
    c => new
    {
    UserID = c.Int(nullable: false, identity: true),
    FirstName = c.String(),
    LastName = c.String(),
    })
    .PrimaryKey(t => t.UserID);
    
    }
    
    public override void Down()
    {
    DropTable("dbo.Users");
    DropTable("dbo.Orders");
    }
   }

3. 第三，数据库中对应的表被生成.

   

迁移第二个 DbContext(DataContext)

   
   
enable-migrations -ContextTypeName MultiDataContextMigrations.Models.UserDataContext -MigrationsDirectory:UserDataContextMigrations
Add-Migration -configuration MultiDataContextMigrations.UserDataContextMigrations.Configuration Initial
Update-Database -configuration MultiDataContextMigrations.UserDataContextMigrations.Configuration -Verbose

当你在程序包管理控制台窗口中执行上面命令，会有如下结果:

1. 首先，会创建一个新的迁移文件夹和配置文件类.

   

        
        
   internal sealed class Configuration : DbMigrationsConfiguration
   {
    public Configuration()
    {
    AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = false;
    //Helps to migrate this DbContext to database
    MigrationsDirectory = @"UserDataContextMigrations";
    }
    protected override void Seed(MultiDataContextMigrations.Models.UserDataContext context)
    {
    // This method will be called after migrating to the latest version.
    }
   }

2. 第二，对应我们添加的迁移项，会生成一个类文件，显示更新的内容，本例中为创建表

        
        
   public partial class Initial : DbMigration
   {
    public override void Up()
    {
    CreateTable(
    "dbo.Roles",
    c => new
    {
    RoleID = c.Int(nullable: false, identity: true),
    RolesName = c.String(),
    })
    .PrimaryKey(t => t.RoleID);
    
    CreateTable(
    "dbo.Users",
    c => new
    {
    UserID = c.Int(nullable: false, identity: true),
    FirstName = c.String(),
    LastName = c.String(),
    })
    .PrimaryKey(t => t.UserID);
    
    }
    
    public override void Down()
    {
    DropTable("dbo.Users");
    DropTable("dbo.Roles");
    }
   }

3. 运行更新数据库命令之前,先注释掉生成user表的代码. 因为该表在上面的迁移代码中已经创建.

        
        
   public partial class Initial : DbMigration
   {
    public override void Up()
    {
    CreateTable(
    "dbo.Roles",
    c => new
    {
    RoleID = c.Int(nullable: false, identity: true),
    RolesName = c.String(),
    })
    .PrimaryKey(t => t.RoleID);
    
    //CreateTable(
    // "dbo.Users",
    // c => new
    // {
    // UserID = c.Int(nullable: false, identity: true),
    // FirstName = c.String(),
    // LastName = c.String(),
    // })
    // .PrimaryKey(t => t.UserID);
    
    }
    
    public override void Down()
    {
    DropTable("dbo.Users");
    DropTable("dbo.Roles");
    }
   }

   现在运行更新命令，会在上一个Dbcontex更新命令的基础上继续更新数据库。

   

__MigrationHistory表

这个表是迁移历史记录。我们简单看一下.

撤销/回滚 DbContexts 迁移

你可以使用下面一些列命令，对上面两个Dbcontex的迁移更新做回滚操作.

   
   
Update-Database -configuration MultiDataContextMigrations.DataContextMigrations.Configuration -TargetMigration:"201402141616393_Initial" -verbose
Update-Database -configuration MultiDataContextMigrations.UserDataContextMigrations.Configuration -TargetMigration:"201402141641408_Initial" -verbose

案例 2 :不同项目中的多个Dbcontex迁移

假设，你有如下图所示的两个Dbcontex，分别在不同的项目中.

在VS2012和VS2013中，执行下面的命令可以迁移在不同项目中的多个Dbcontex到同一数据库实例:

Syntax - EF Code First Migrations with Multiple DbContexts within different Projects

   
   
enable-migrations -ProjectName:<ProjectName> -MigrationsDirectory:<Migrations-Directory-Name>
add-migration <Migrations-Name> -ProjectName:<ProjectName>
update-database -ProjectName:<ProjectName> -verbose

迁移第一个DbContext(DataContext)

   
   
//migrating DataContext
enable-migrations -ProjectName:DAL -MigrationsDirectory:DataContextMigrations
add-migration InitialCreate -ProjectName:DAL
update-database -ProjectName:DAL -verbose

迁移第二个DbContext(UserDataContext)

   
   
//migrating UserDataContext
enable-migrations -ProjectName:MultiDataContextMigrations -MigrationsDirectory:UserDataContextMigrations
add-migration InitialCreate -ProjectName:MultiDataContextMigrations
update-database -ProjectName:MultiDataContextMigrations -verbose

撤销/回滚DbContexts Migrations

   
   
update-database -ProjectName:DAL -TargetMigration:"201401290826231_InitialCreate" -verbose
update-database -ProjectName:MultiDataContextMigrations -TargetMigration:"201401290836540_InitialCreate" -verbose