文件上传实例（upload-labs1-10）

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-19 13:33:26 发布

whoim_i

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-19 13:33:26 发布

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分类专栏：渗透测试

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前言

upload-labs是一个使用php语言编写的，专门收集渗透测试和CTF中遇到的各种上传漏洞的靶场。旨在帮助大家对上传漏洞有一个全面的了解。目前一共20关，每一关都包含着不同上传方式。
下图为上传漏洞的思维导图：
在这里插入图片描述

pass-01（前端js检查）

首先尝试上传一句话，提示该类型不允许上传
在这里插入图片描述
代码分析

function checkFile() {
    var file = document.getElementsByName('upload_file')[0].value;
    if (file == null || file == "") {
        alert("请选择要上传的文件!");
        return false;
    }
    //定义允许上传的文件类型
    var allow_ext = ".jpg|.png|.gif";
    //提取上传文件的类型
    var ext_name = file.substring(file.lastIndexOf("."));
    //判断上传文件类型是否允许上传
    if (allow_ext.indexOf(ext_name) == -1) {
        var errMsg = "该文件不允许上传，请上传" + allow_ext + "类型的文件,当前文类型为：" + ext_name;
        alert(errMsg);
        return false;
    }
}

可以看到，上传之前，通过js判断了文件后缀名是否为.jpg|.png|.gif，不是就不允许上传。

绕过思路
禁用浏览器js
在这里插入图片描述
增加上传格式.php

删除验证格式

上传.jpg格式，使用brupsuite截包，将后缀名改为.php

pass-02（只检查content-type）

代码分析

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        if (($_FILES['upload_file']['type'] == 'image/jpeg') || ($_FILES['upload_file']['type'] == 'image/png') || ($_FILES['upload_file']['type'] == 'image/gif')) {
            $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH . '/' . $_FILES['upload_file']['name']            
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file, $img_path)) {
                $is_upload = true;
            } else {
                $msg = '上传出错！';
            }
        } else {
            $msg = '文件类型不正确，请重新上传！';
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH.'文件夹不存在,请手工创建！';
    }
}

可以看到，后端php代码支队content-type进行了检查。
绕过思路
通过brupsuite修改content-type类型
在这里插入图片描述

pass-03（黑名单绕过）

代码分析

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        $deny_ext = array('.asp','.aspx','.php','.jsp');
        $file_name = trim($_FILES['upload_file']['name']);
        $file_name = deldot($file_name);//删除文件名末尾的点
        $file_ext = strrchr($file_name, '.');
        $file_ext = strtolower($file_ext); //转换为小写
        $file_ext = str_ireplace('::$DATA', '', $file_ext);//去除字符串::$DATA
        $file_ext = trim($file_ext); //收尾去空

        if(!in_array($file_ext, $deny_ext)) {
            $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.'/'.date("YmdHis").rand(1000,9999).$file_ext;            
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file,$img_path)) {
                 $is_upload = true;
            } else {
                $msg = '上传出错！';
            }
        } else {
            $msg = '不允许上传.asp,.aspx,.php,.jsp后缀文件！';
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH . '文件夹不存在,请手工创建！';
    }
}

可以看到，服务器端做了一个黑名单过滤，过滤了asp、aspx、php、jsp

绕过思路
不允许上传.asp,aspx,php,jsp，但是可以上传其他任意后缀，比如：.phtml .phps ,.php3.php5 .pht，但如果上传的是.php5这种类型文件的话，如果想要被当成php执行的话，需要有个前提条件，即Apache的httpd.conf有如下配置代码

AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .phtml .phps .php5 .pht

关于AddType命令的作用解释

AddType 指令作用：在给定的文件扩展名与特定的内容类型之间建立映射语法：AddType MIME-type extension
[extension] …
AddType指令在给定的文件扩展名与特定的内容类型之间建立映射关系。MIME-type指明了包含extension扩展名的文件的媒体类型。
AddType 是与类型表相关的，描述的是扩展名与文件类型之间的关系。

比如：修改为php3
在这里插入图片描述
上传后菜刀连接成功

pass-04（.htaccess绕过）

代码分析

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        $deny_ext = array(".php",".php5",".php4",".php3",".php2","php1",".html",".htm",".phtml",".pht",".pHp",".pHp5",".pHp4",".pHp3",".pHp2","pHp1",".Html",".Htm",".pHtml",".jsp",".jspa",".jspx",".jsw",".jsv",".jspf",".jtml",".jSp",".jSpx",".jSpa",".jSw",".jSv",".jSpf",".jHtml",".asp",".aspx",".asa",".asax",".ascx",".ashx",".asmx",".cer",".aSp",".aSpx",".aSa",".aSax",".aScx",".aShx",".aSmx",".cEr",".sWf",".swf");
        $file_name = trim($_FILES['upload_file']['name']);
        $file_name = deldot($file_name);//删除文件名末尾的点
        $file_ext = strrchr($file_name, '.');
        $file_ext = strtolower($file_ext); //转换为小写
        $file_ext = str_ireplace('::$DATA', '', $file_ext);//去除字符串::$DATA
        $file_ext = trim($file_ext); //收尾去空

        if (!in_array($file_ext, $deny_ext)) {
            $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.'/'.$file_name;
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file, $img_path)) {
                $is_upload = true;
            } else {
                $msg = '上传出错！';
            }
        } else {
            $msg = '此文件不允许上传!';
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH . '文件夹不存在,请手工创建！';
    }
}

黑名单限制了php、php5等这种后缀全部不允许上传，但并没有限制.htaccsess文件。故可以上传.htaccsess文件绕过
绕过思路

.htaccess文件是Apache服务器中的一个配置文件，它负责相关目录下的网页配置。通过htaccess文件，可以实现：网页301重定向、自定义404错误页面、改变文件扩展名、允许/阻止特定的用户或者目录的访问、禁止目录列表、配置默认文档等功能IIS平台上不存在该文件，该文件默认开启，启用和关闭在httpd.conf文件中配置。
注: .htaccess文件生效前提条件为1.mod_rewrite模块开启。2.AllowOverride All

上传一个.htaccess文件，内容为:SetHandler application/x-httpd-php，这样所有的文件都会被解析为php，然后上传图片马，就可以被解析。
在这里插入图片描述

菜刀连接成功

pass-05（大小写绕过）

代码分析

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        $deny_ext = array(".php",".php5",".php4",".php3",".php2",".html",".htm",".phtml",".pht",".pHp",".pHp5",".pHp4",".pHp3",".pHp2",".Html",".Htm",".pHtml",".jsp",".jspa",".jspx",".jsw",".jsv",".jspf",".jtml",".jSp",".jSpx",".jSpa",".jSw",".jSv",".jSpf",".jHtml",".asp",".aspx",".asa",".asax",".ascx",".ashx",".asmx",".cer",".aSp",".aSpx",".aSa",".aSax",".aScx",".aShx",".aSmx",".cEr",".sWf",".swf",".htaccess");
        $file_name = trim($_FILES['upload_file']['name']);
        $file_name = deldot($file_name);//删除文件名末尾的点
        $file_ext = strrchr($file_name, '.');
        $file_ext = str_ireplace('::$DATA', '', $file_ext);//去除字符串::$DATA
        $file_ext = trim($file_ext); //首尾去空

        if (!in_array($file_ext, $deny_ext)) {
            $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.'/'.date("YmdHis").rand(1000,9999).$file_ext;
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file, $img_path)) {
                $is_upload = true;
            } else {
                $msg = '上传出错！';
            }
        } else {
            $msg = '此文件类型不允许上传！';
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH . '文件夹不存在,请手工创建！';
    }
}

可以看到，此处的黑名单比Pass-04多了.htaccess，所有不能通过.htaccsess进行绕过了。但此处代码没有将文件名统一转成小写，故可以通过大小写绕过。
绕过思路
通过brupsuite截包，将后缀名改大小写即可
在这里插入图片描述

pass-06（空格绕过）

代码分析

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        $deny_ext = array(".php",".php5",".php4",".php3",".php2",".html",".htm",".phtml",".pht",".pHp",".pHp5",".pHp4",".pHp3",".pHp2",".Html",".Htm",".pHtml",".jsp",".jspa",".jspx",".jsw",".jsv",".jspf",".jtml",".jSp",".jSpx",".jSpa",".jSw",".jSv",".jSpf",".jHtml",".asp",".aspx",".asa",".asax",".ascx",".ashx",".asmx",".cer",".aSp",".aSpx",".aSa",".aSax",".aScx",".aShx",".aSmx",".cEr",".sWf",".swf",".htaccess");
        $file_name = $_FILES['upload_file']['name'];
        $file_name = deldot($file_name);//删除文件名末尾的点
        $file_ext = strrchr($file_name, '.');
        $file_ext = strtolower($file_ext); //转换为小写
        $file_ext = str_ireplace('::$DATA', '', $file_ext);//去除字符串::$DATA
        
        if (!in_array($file_ext, $deny_ext)) {
            $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.'/'.date("YmdHis").rand(1000,9999).$file_ext;
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file,$img_path)) {
                $is_upload = true;
            } else {
                $msg = '上传出错！';
            }
        } else {
            $msg = '此文件不允许上传';
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH . '文件夹不存在,请手工创建！';
    }
}

可以看到，这里将文件后缀名同一进行了小写转换，但是没有去除文件名收尾的空格。所以此处可以利用windows系统命名规则进行绕过。

Win下xx.jpg[空格] 或xx.jpg. 这两类文件都是不允许存在的，若这样命名，windows会默认除去空格或点

绕过思路
利用brupsuite修改后缀名为1.php空格
在这里插入图片描述

pass-07（点绕过）

代码分析

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        $deny_ext = array(".php",".php5",".php4",".php3",".php2",".html",".htm",".phtml",".pht",".pHp",".pHp5",".pHp4",".pHp3",".pHp2",".Html",".Htm",".pHtml",".jsp",".jspa",".jspx",".jsw",".jsv",".jspf",".jtml",".jSp",".jSpx",".jSpa",".jSw",".jSv",".jSpf",".jHtml",".asp",".aspx",".asa",".asax",".ascx",".ashx",".asmx",".cer",".aSp",".aSpx",".aSa",".aSax",".aScx",".aShx",".aSmx",".cEr",".sWf",".swf",".htaccess");
        $file_name = trim($_FILES['upload_file']['name']);
        $file_ext = strrchr($file_name, '.');
        $file_ext = strtolower($file_ext); //转换为小写
        $file_ext = str_ireplace('::$DATA', '', $file_ext);//去除字符串::$DATA
        $file_ext = trim($file_ext); //首尾去空
        
        if (!in_array($file_ext, $deny_ext)) {
            $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.'/'.$file_name;
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file, $img_path)) {
                $is_upload = true;
            } else {
                $msg = '上传出错！';
            }
        } else {
            $msg = '此文件类型不允许上传！';
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH . '文件夹不存在,请手工创建！';
    }
}

从代码上看，加上了收尾去空，但是缺少了尾部去点，因此可以利用windows文件命名规则绕过。
绕过思路
利用brupsuite改包，为1.php.原理类似，不在阐述

pass-08（::$DATA绕过）

代码分析

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        $deny_ext = array(".php",".php5",".php4",".php3",".php2",".html",".htm",".phtml",".pht",".pHp",".pHp5",".pHp4",".pHp3",".pHp2",".Html",".Htm",".pHtml",".jsp",".jspa",".jspx",".jsw",".jsv",".jspf",".jtml",".jSp",".jSpx",".jSpa",".jSw",".jSv",".jSpf",".jHtml",".asp",".aspx",".asa",".asax",".ascx",".ashx",".asmx",".cer",".aSp",".aSpx",".aSa",".aSax",".aScx",".aShx",".aSmx",".cEr",".sWf",".swf",".htaccess");
        $file_name = trim($_FILES['upload_file']['name']);
        $file_name = deldot($file_name);//删除文件名末尾的点
        $file_ext = strrchr($file_name, '.');
        $file_ext = strtolower($file_ext); //转换为小写
        $file_ext = trim($file_ext); //首尾去空
        
        if (!in_array($file_ext, $deny_ext)) {
            $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.'/'.date("YmdHis").rand(1000,9999).$file_ext;
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file, $img_path)) {
                $is_upload = true;
            } else {
                $msg = '上传出错！';
            }
        } else {
            $msg = '此文件类型不允许上传！';
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH . '文件夹不存在,请手工创建！';
    }
}

依然是黑名单，但是没有对后缀名进行去“::$DATA”处理，利用windows特性，可以在后缀名中加“::$DATA”绕过

NTFS文件系统包括对备用数据流的支持。这不是众所周知的功能，主要包括提供与Macintosh文件系统中的文件的兼容性。备用数据流允许文件包含多个数据流。每个文件至少有一个数据流。在Windows中，此默认数据流称为：$
DATA。
简单讲就是在php+windows的情况下：如果文件名+":: $D A T A " 会把 : :$ DATA之后的数据当成文件流处理,不会检测后缀名.且保持"::$DATA"之前的文件名。

绕过思路
利用brupsuite将后缀名改为：1.php::$DATA即可
在这里插入图片描述

pass-09（点空格点绕过）

代码分析

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        $deny_ext = array(".php",".php5",".php4",".php3",".php2",".html",".htm",".phtml",".pht",".pHp",".pHp5",".pHp4",".pHp3",".pHp2",".Html",".Htm",".pHtml",".jsp",".jspa",".jspx",".jsw",".jsv",".jspf",".jtml",".jSp",".jSpx",".jSpa",".jSw",".jSv",".jSpf",".jHtml",".asp",".aspx",".asa",".asax",".ascx",".ashx",".asmx",".cer",".aSp",".aSpx",".aSa",".aSax",".aScx",".aShx",".aSmx",".cEr",".sWf",".swf",".htaccess");
        $file_name = trim($_FILES['upload_file']['name']);
        $file_name = deldot($file_name);//删除文件名末尾的点
        $file_ext = strrchr($file_name, '.');
        $file_ext = strtolower($file_ext); //转换为小写
        $file_ext = str_ireplace('::$DATA', '', $file_ext);//去除字符串::$DATA
        $file_ext = trim($file_ext); //首尾去空
        
        if (!in_array($file_ext, $deny_ext)) {
            $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
            $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.'/'.$file_name;
            if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file, $img_path)) {
                $is_upload = true;
            } else {
                $msg = '上传出错！';
            }
        } else {
            $msg = '此文件类型不允许上传！';
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH . '文件夹不存在,请手工创建！';
    }
}

可以看到，这里代码的安全性比之前的都要更高，黑名单类型全，大小写经过转换，去除了文件名末尾的点，去除了文件名尾空格，还去除了::$DATA。。但是，这里还是可以绕过的。这里的代码逻辑是先删除文件名末尾的点，再进行首尾去空。都只进行一次。故可以构造点空格点进行绕过，也就是后缀名改为xx.php. .，也是利用了Windows的特性。
也就是说，如果从第三关到第九关，如果目标服务器是windows系统的话，均可用点空格点绕过。

绕过思路
将后缀名改为1.php.空格.即可
在这里插入图片描述

pass-10（双写绕过）

代码分析

$is_upload = false;
$msg = null;
if (isset($_POST['submit'])) {
    if (file_exists(UPLOAD_PATH)) {
        $deny_ext = array("php","php5","php4","php3","php2","html","htm","phtml","pht","jsp","jspa","jspx","jsw","jsv","jspf","jtml","asp","aspx","asa","asax","ascx","ashx","asmx","cer","swf","htaccess");

        $file_name = trim($_FILES['upload_file']['name']);
        $file_name = str_ireplace($deny_ext,"", $file_name);
        $temp_file = $_FILES['upload_file']['tmp_name'];
        $img_path = UPLOAD_PATH.'/'.$file_name;        
        if (move_uploaded_file($temp_file, $img_path)) {
            $is_upload = true;
        } else {
            $msg = '上传出错！';
        }
    } else {
        $msg = UPLOAD_PATH . '文件夹不存在,请手工创建！';
    }
}

依旧是黑名单过滤，注意到，这里利用str_ireplace将问题后缀名替换为空，于是可以利用双写绕过
绕过思路
先对比一下上传1.phppph和1.pphphp，看是怎么过滤的。
在这里插入图片描述
发现上传1.phppph，将php过滤掉了。

于是我们构造1.pphphp，那么将pph过滤，剩下的就是1.php了

whoim_i

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文件上传实例（upload-labs1-10）

目录前言pass-01（前端js检查）pass-02（只检查content-type）pass-03（黑名单绕过）pass-04（.htaccess绕过）pass-05（大小写绕过）pass-06（空格绕过）pass-07（点绕过）pass-08（::$DATA绕过）pass-09（点空格点绕过）pass-10（双写绕过）      ...
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