linux中的asm-offsets.h和bounds.h

asm-offsets.h和bounds.h在内核中主要用于定义常量。

asm-offsets.h用于定义特定成员相对结构体的偏移量，bounds.h用于定义资源的最大个数。

顶层内核目录下kbuild文件定义了它们的生成规则：

#

# Kbuild for top-level directory of the kernel

# This file takes care of the following:

# 1) Generate bounds.h

# 2) Generate asm-offsets.h (may need bounds.h)

# 3) Check for missing system calls

#####

# 1) Generate bounds.h

bounds-file := include/generated/bounds.h

always  := $(bounds-file)

targets := $(bounds-file) kernel/bounds.s

quiet_cmd_bounds = GEN     $@

define cmd_bounds

    (set -e; \

     echo "#ifndef __LINUX_BOUNDS_H__"; \

     echo "#define __LINUX_BOUNDS_H__"; \

     echo "/*"; \

     echo " * DO NOT MODIFY."; \

     echo " *"; \

     echo " * This file was generated by Kbuild"; \

     echo " *"; \

     echo " */"; \

     echo ""; \

     sed -ne $(sed-y) $<; \

     echo ""; \

     echo "#endif" ) > $@

endef

# We use internal kbuild rules to avoid the "is up to date" message from make

kernel/bounds.s: kernel/bounds.c FORCE

    $(Q)mkdir -p $(dir $@)

    $(call if_changed_dep,cc_s_c)

$(obj)/$(bounds-file): kernel/bounds.s Kbuild

    $(Q)mkdir -p $(dir $@)

    $(call cmd,bounds)

#####

# 2) Generate asm-offsets.h

#

offsets-file := include/generated/asm-offsets.h

always  += $(offsets-file)

targets += $(offsets-file)

targets += arch/$(SRCARCH)/kernel/asm-offsets.s

# Default sed regexp - multiline due to syntax constraints

define sed-y

    "/^->/{s:->#\(.*\):/* \1 */:; \

    s:^->\([^ ]*\) [\$$#]*\([-0-9]*\) \(.*\):#define \1 \2 /* \3 */:; \

    s:^->\([^ ]*\) [\$$#]*\([^ ]*\) \(.*\):#define \1 \2 /* \3 */:; \

    s:->::; p;}"

endef

quiet_cmd_offsets = GEN     $@

define cmd_offsets

    (set -e; \

     echo "#ifndef __ASM_OFFSETS_H__"; \

     echo "#define __ASM_OFFSETS_H__"; \

     echo "/*"; \

     echo " * DO NOT MODIFY."; \

     echo " *"; \

     echo " * This file was generated by Kbuild"; \

     echo " *"; \

     echo " */"; \

     echo ""; \

     sed -ne $(sed-y) $<; \

     echo ""; \

     echo "#endif" ) > $@

endef

# We use internal kbuild rules to avoid the "is up to date" message from make

arch/$(SRCARCH)/kernel/asm-offsets.s: arch/$(SRCARCH)/kernel/asm-offsets.c \

                                      $(obj)/$(bounds-file) FORCE

    $(Q)mkdir -p $(dir $@)

    $(call if_changed_dep,cc_s_c)

$(obj)/$(offsets-file): arch/$(SRCARCH)/kernel/asm-offsets.s Kbuild

    $(call cmd,offsets)

#####

# 3) Check for missing system calls

#

always += missing-syscalls

targets += missing-syscalls

quiet_cmd_syscalls = CALL    $<

      cmd_syscalls = $(CONFIG_SHELL) $< $(CC) $(c_flags) $(missing_syscalls_flags)

missing-syscalls: scripts/checksyscalls.sh $(offsets-file) FORCE

    $(call cmd,syscalls)

# Keep these two files during make clean

no-clean-files := $(bounds-file) $(offsets-file)

可以看出kernel/bounds.c汇编生成kernel/bounds.s， 然后kernel/bounds.s经过编辑工具sed自动生成include/generated/bounds.h

arch/$(SRCARCH)/kernel/asm-offsets.c汇编生成arch/$(SRCARCH)/kernel/asm-offsets.s，然后经过编辑工具sed生成include/generated/asm-offsets.h

下面来看看kernel/bounds.c

void foo(void)

{

    /* The enum constants to put into include/generated/bounds.h */

    DEFINE(NR_PAGEFLAGS, __NR_PAGEFLAGS);

    DEFINE(MAX_NR_ZONES, __MAX_NR_ZONES);

    DEFINE(NR_PCG_FLAGS, __NR_PCG_FLAGS);

    /* End of constants */

}

其中DEFINE为宏定义include/linux/kbuild.h

#define DEFINE(sym, val) \

        asm volatile("\n->" #sym " %0 " #val : : "i" (val))

arch/$(SRCARCH)/kernel/asm-offsets.c

void output_ptreg_defines(void)

{

    COMMENT("MIPS pt_regs offsets.");

    OFFSET(PT_R0, pt_regs, regs[0]);

    OFFSET(PT_R1, pt_regs, regs[1]);

    OFFSET(PT_R2, pt_regs, regs[2]);

    OFFSET(PT_R3, pt_regs, regs[3]);

    ...

}

其中OFFSET为宏定义include/linux/kbuild.h

#define OFFSET(sym, str, mem) \

    DEFINE(sym, offsetof(struct str, mem))

#define offsetof(TYPE, MEMBER) ((size_t) &((TYPE *)0)->MEMBER)

为何要这样做呢，在编译之前先通过编译系统生成bounds.h和asm-offsets.h，使编译系统更复杂，个人理解这样做的好处有：

1.方便汇编代码使用这些常量，汇编代码中有大量这样的用法LONG_L    s0, TI_REGS($28)和LONG_S    sp, TI_REGS($28)；

2.加快编译速度，因为内核中大量使用这样宏，每个宏调用的地方进行展开和计算，浪费时间；