什么是Reactor反应器模式
由Reactor反应器(线程)来负责响应IO事件,分发事件,由Handler处理器(线程)来负责处理事件。Reactor和若干的Handler组成了反应器模式。传统的OIO是采用一个线程处理一个网络连接的方式来增加吞吐量,Reactor模式与传统的OIO类似,换成了NIO模型,相应的增加了Reactor来监听分发事件,Handler由原来的处理链接,变成对监听事件的处理。
单线程Reactor示例
知道了Reactor模式的定义,来写一个实例,从单线程Reactor反应器开始,Reactor和Handler在一个线程中。
下面是Reactor的示例
public class Reactor implements Runnable {
//单个选择器,单个链接
private Selector selector;
private ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel;
public Reactor(int port) throws IOException {
//打开选择器,Server,注册accept事件
selector = Selector.open();
serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
serverSocketChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(port));
SelectionKey sk = serverSocketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
//绑定handler
sk.attach(new AcceptHandler());
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
//轮询就绪事件
while (!Thread.interrupted()) {
selector.select();
Set<SelectionKey> set = selector.selectedKeys();
Iterator<SelectionKey> iterator = set.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()){
this.dispatch(iterator.next());
iterator.remove();
}
}
}catch (IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private void dispatch(SelectionKey sk){
Runnable handler = (Runnable) sk.attachment();
if(null != handler){
//单线程模式
handler.run();
}
}
class AcceptHandler implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
//获取客户连接
SocketChannel socketChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept();
//注意非空判断
if(null != socketChannel) {
//初始化读操作
new ReadHandler(selector, socketChannel);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
其中有一个AcceptHandler,是对应Accept事件的handler,使用内部类可以方便的引用Selector和ServerSocketChannel,他的职责就是讲IO事件注册到Selector中。这里一定要注意非空判断,这里会经常取到空的SocketChannel。下面看一下读事件的handler。
public class ReadHandler implements Runnable {
private Selector selector;
private SocketChannel socketChannel;
ReadHandler(Selector selector, SocketChannel socketChannel){
this.selector = selector;
this.socketChannel = socketChannel;
try {
//注册可读事件
this.socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
SelectionKey sk = socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
//绑定读Handler(this)
sk.attach(this);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
ByteBuffer byteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(24);
try {
socketChannel.read(byteBuffer);
byteBuffer.flip();
//打印内容
System.out.println(new String(byteBuffer.array()));
//socketChannel.write(byteBuffer);
//关闭链接,一定要关闭
socketChannel.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
这个是读事件的handler,逻辑比较简单就是把客户端发送的内容打印到控制台,注意一定要关闭链接,否则会不停的读取。至此就写了一个简单的单线程Reactor示例。本来想Reactor和Handler分开,但是直接启动线程执行Handler会有问题。把这个问题放到多线程Reactor的实现里面一并处理吧,下一篇来看一下多线程的Reactor模式实现。