Spring——@Autowire冲突问题

Spring——@Autowire冲突问题

spring中使用@Autowire实现依赖注入。在使用的时候需要注意的是，满足注入条件的bean有多个的时候需要添加标识来区分目前需要注入的是哪个bean。

好，下面上货：

1、新建一个maven项目

mvn archetype:generate -DarchetypeCatalog=internal

2、修改pom文件

<properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <springframework.version>4.3.7.RELEASE</springframework.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-context -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${springframework.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-test -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>${springframework.version}</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                    <encoding>utf-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.0.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <archive>
                        <manifest>
                            <mainClass>com.xueyou.demo.App</mainClass>
                        </manifest>
                    </archive>
                    <descriptorRefs>
                        <descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
                    </descriptorRefs>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>make-assembly</id> <!-- this is used for inheritance merges -->
                        <phase>package</phase> <!-- bind to the packaging phase -->
                        <goals>
                            <goal>single</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

3、先看一下类图：

4、Eat接口

package com.xueyou.demo2;

public interface Eat {
    void eatMeal();
}

EatImpl1

package com.xueyou.demo2;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class EatImpl1 implements Eat {
    @Override
    public void eatMeal() {
        System.out.println("this is eatImpl1");
    }
}

EatImpl2

package com.xueyou.demo2;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class EatImpl2 implements Eat{
    @Override
    public void eatMeal() {
        System.out.println("this is eatImpl2");
    }
}

EatImpl3

package com.xueyou.demo2;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;


@Component
public class EatImpl3 implements Eat{
    @Override
    public void eatMeal() {
        System.out.println("this is eatImpl3");
    }
}

Animal

package com.xueyou.demo2;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class Animal {

    @Autowired
    private Eat eat;

    public void eatDetail() {
        eat.eatMeal();
    }
}

App

package com.xueyou.demo;

import com.xueyou.demo2.Animal;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * Hello world!
 */
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"org.xueyou.demo","com.xueyou.demo","com.xueyou.demo2"})
public class App {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("Hello World!");
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(com.xueyou.demo.App.class);
//        Person p = applicationContext.getBean(Person.class);
//        p.showMyBody();
        Animal animal = applicationContext.getBean(Animal.class);
        animal.eatDetail();
    }
}

5、运行结果：

从运行结果上能够看出，现在出现的错误是NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException。

原因是这样的在@Autowired注解进行自动装配的时候，发现有三个类都满足要求，这个时候spring不能够从这三个bean中选择一个bean进行装配，从而出现异常。

解决方法：

1、使用@Primary注解

2、使用@Qualifier注解

3、自定义注解

前两种方法比较简单，就是类似这样

package com.xueyou.demo2;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;


@Component
@Qualifier("firstEat")
public class EatImpl1 implements Eat {
    @Override
    public void eatMeal() {
        System.out.println("this is eatImpl1");
    }
}

然后在Animal使用的时候制定标志

package com.xueyou.demo2;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;


@Component
public class Animal {

    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("firstEat")
    private Eat eat;

    public void eatDetail() {
        eat.eatMeal();
    }
}

再次运行会发现已经可以了。

这里主要介绍一下自定义注解的方式：

首先要新建注解。

package com.xueyou.demo2;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;


@Target({ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR, ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Qualifier
public @interface EatAnno {
    String value() default "";
}

使用自定义注解。

package com.xueyou.demo2;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
@EatAnno(value = "firstEat")
public class EatImpl1 implements Eat {
    @Override
    public void eatMeal() {
        System.out.println("this is eatImpl1");
    }
}

package com.xueyou.demo2;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;


@Component
public class Animal {

    @Autowired
    @EatAnno(value = "firstEat")
    private Eat eat;

    public void eatDetail() {
        eat.eatMeal();
    }
}

运行结果：