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1.文档阅读
The Missing Package Manager for macOS (or Linux) — Homebrew
macOS（或 Linux）缺失的软件包的管理器 — Homebrew
macOS Monterey 移除了自带的 PHP
Upgrade vs. Update · Issue #13064 · Homebrew/legacy-homebrew · GitHub -- 关于brew update vs upgrade的事情
Issues · Homebrew/brew · GitHub
brew install 和 brew cask install 的区别 - 知乎
2.整理输出 前言交代 因为Mac升级OS到12.1 
不再支持内置各个编程语言的运行时环境，本人又有些不像单独安装。 干脆就安装Mac的软件管理器，如果电脑感到卡，再卸载。 PHP: 使用 macOS Monterey 之前内置的 PHP - Manual 2.1 安装 homebrew 终端中执行如下命令即可
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"
升级之后
➜ ~ brew -v
Homebrew 3.6.7
Homebrew/homebrew-core (git revision a99c43cbe3f; last commit 2022-10-29)
Homebrew/homebrew-cask (git revision 0441adcaf2; last commit 2022-10-29)
➜ ~
注意 有时候，需要科学上网才行，使用国内源进行安装
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://gitee.com/cunkai/HomebrewCN/raw/master/Homebrew.sh)"
下载安装过程如下：
huangbaoyin@huangbaoyindeMacBook-Pro ~ % /bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://gitee.com/cunkai/HomebrewCN/raw/master/Homebrew.sh)"
开始执行Brew自动安装程序
[cunkai.wang@foxmail.com]
['2022-08-19 16:51:27']['12.5']
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/111014448
请选择一个下载brew本体的序号，例如中科大，输入1回车。
源有时候不稳定，如果git克隆报错重新运行脚本选择源。
1、中科大下载源
2、清华大学下载源
3、北京外国语大学下载源
4、腾讯下载源
5、阿里巴巴下载源
请输入序号: 1
你选择了中国科学技术大学brew本体下载源
！！！此脚本将要删除之前的brew(包括它下载的软件)，请自行备份。
->是否现在开始执行脚本（N/Y） Y
--> 脚本开始执行
Mac os设置开机密码方法：
(设置开机密码：在左上角苹果图标->系统偏好设置->用户与群组->更改密码)
(如果提示This incident will be reported. 在用户与群组中查看是否管理员)
==> 通过命令删除之前的brew、创建一个新的Homebrew文件夹
请输入开机密码，输入过程不显示，输入完后回车
开始执行
---备份要删除的/opt/homebrew到系统桌面....
---/opt/homebrew 备份完成
-> 创建文件夹 /opt/homebrew
运行代码 ==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/mkdir -p /opt/homebrew
此步骤成功
运行代码 ==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/chmod -R a+rwx /opt/homebrew
运行代码 ==> /usr/bin/sudo /usr/sbin/chown huangbaoyin /opt/homebrew
运行代码 ==> /usr/bin/sudo /usr/bin/chgrp admin /opt/homebrew
git version 2.32.1 (Apple Git-133)
下载速度觉得慢可以ctrl+c或control+c重新运行脚本选择下载源
==> 从 https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/brew.git 克隆Homebrew基本文件
未发现Git代理（属于正常状态）
Cloning into '/opt/homebrew'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 221996, done.
remote: Total 221996 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 221996
Receiving objects: 100% (221996/221996), 59.40 MiB | 10.96 MiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (164896/164896), done.
此步骤成功
--创建Brew所需要的目录
运行代码 ==> /usr/bin/sudo /bin/chmod u+rwx /opt/homebrew/bin /opt/homebrew/bin/brew
....
....
简单截图
记得重启终端窗口或者执行： source /Users/huangbaoyin/.zprofile
但是在安装PHP时，一直提示出现apr的报错
最后还是使用科学上网的方式，重新安装了homebrew，
执行brew install php 解决
插入 关于brew的命令应该熟练使用，各个命令的含义用途 -- 没有几个，而且最常用的有 红色 标记
➜ ~ brew -h
Example usage:
brew search TEXT|/REGEX/ // 在homebrew中搜索有关所有软件信息
brew info [FORMULA|CASK...] // 查看软件的信息「最新版本」
brew install FORMULA|CASK... // 安装软件「默认最新版本」
brew update // 更新homebrew版本及软件索引
brew upgrade [FORMULA|CASK...] // 更新homebrew已安装的所有软件「如果已经是最新版，会跳过」
brew uninstall FORMULA|CASK... // 卸载使用homebrew安装的软件
brew list [FORMULA|CASK...] // 查看使用homebrew安装过软件列表
Troubleshooting:
brew config
brew doctor
brew install --verbose --debug FORMULA|CASK
Contributing:
brew create URL [--no-fetch]
brew edit [FORMULA|CASK...]
Further help:
brew commands
brew help [COMMAND]
man brew
https://docs.brew.sh
➜ ~
FORMULA|CASK ==== 配方|桶
一时记不住具体的命令时 或者 根本不知道怎么使用命令时
「很多系统，软件都支持这样」
首先，可以借助帮助命令
brew -h
然后，具体对某一个命令进行查看
brew list -h
之后，快速扫描到目标，然后详细查看具体使用
如下：
➜ ~ brew -h
Example usage:
brew search TEXT|/REGEX/
brew info [FORMULA|CASK...]
brew install FORMULA|CASK...
brew update
brew upgrade [FORMULA|CASK...]
brew uninstall FORMULA|CASK...
brew list [FORMULA|CASK...]
Troubleshooting:
brew config
brew doctor
brew install --verbose --debug FORMULA|CASK
Contributing:
brew create URL [--no-fetch]
brew edit [FORMULA|CASK...]
Further help:
brew commands
brew help [COMMAND]
man brew
https://docs.brew.sh
➜ ~ brew list -h
Usage: brew list, ls [options] [installed_formula|installed_cask ...]
List all installed formulae and casks. // 列出所有已安装的配方和容器 -- 就是列出所有使用homebrew安装的软件
If formula is provided, summarise the paths within its current keg. If cask
is provided, list its artifacts.
--formula, --formulae List only formulae, or treat all named
arguments as formulae.
--cask, --casks List only casks, or treat all named arguments
as casks.
--full-name Print formulae with fully-qualified names.
Unless --full-name, --versions or
--pinned are passed, other options (i.e.
-1, -l, -r and -t) are passed to
ls(1) which produces the actual output.
--versions Show the version number for installed
formulae, or only the specified formulae if
formula are provided.
--multiple Only show formulae with multiple versions
installed.
--pinned List only pinned formulae, or only the
specified (pinned) formulae if formula are
provided. See also pin, unpin.
-1 Force output to be one entry per line. This
is the default when output is not to a
terminal.
-l List formulae and/or casks in long format.
Has no effect when a formula or cask name is
passed as an argument.
-r Reverse the order of the formulae and/or
casks sort to list the oldest entries first.
Has no effect when a formula or cask name is
passed as an argument.
-t Sort formulae and/or casks by time modified,
listing most recently modified first. Has no
effect when a formula or cask name is passed
as an argument.
-d, --debug Display any debugging information.
-q, --quiet Make some output more quiet.
-v, --verbose Make some output more verbose.
-h, --help Show this message.
➜ ~
然后，就可以使用
➜ ~ brew list
大致浏览下，已经安装过什么软件。
如果使用的时候，不记得是否安装过，
可使用 brew list | grep 软件名
或者 brew info 软件名 // 如果没有安装，输出信息中会有提示：Not installed
以wget 和 mysql为例
2.2 安装PHP PHP: 使用软件包 - Manual 
终端中执行
brew install php
关键信息：
To enable PHP in Apache add the following to httpd.conf and restart Apache:
LoadModule php_module /usr/local/opt/php/lib/httpd/modules/libphp.so
<FilesMatch \.php$>
SetHandler application/x-httpd-php
</FilesMatch>
Finally, check DirectoryIndex includes index.php
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
The php.ini and php-fpm.ini file can be found in:
/usr/local/etc/php/8.1/
To restart php after an upgrade:
brew services restart php
Or, if you don't want/need a background service you can just run:
/usr/local/opt/php/sbin/php-fpm --nodaemonize
查看PHP版本
➜ php-test-temp php -v
PHP 8.1.1 (cli) (built: Dec 17 2021 22:38:05) (NTS)
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v4.1.1, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
with Zend OPcache v8.1.1, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies
➜ php-test-temp
查看扩展文件目录
➜ php-test-temp php-config --extension-dir
/usr/local/Cellar/php/8.1.1/pecl/20210902
➜ php-test-temp
查看配置文件目录
➜ 8.1 ls
conf.d pear.conf php-fpm.conf php-fpm.d php.ini
➜ 8.1 pwd
/usr/local/etc/php/8.1
➜ 8.1
➜ php-test-temp php-config --ini-dir
/usr/local/etc/php/8.1/conf.d
补充 安装不同的PHP版本，以及使用PHP版本 1. brew search php // 查看homebrew源支持的PHP本本 
2. 安装PHP另一版本[项目需要] === PHP 7.2 这里已经安装了PHP 8.1 
➜ ~ brew install php@7.2
出现报错 
解决方法 homebrew - Error: php@7.3 has been disabled because it is a versioned formula - Stack Overflow 
brew tap shivammathur/php
brew install shivammathur/php/php@7.2
截图 
输出的关键信息
...
To enable PHP in Apache add the following to httpd.conf and restart Apache:
LoadModule php7_module /usr/local/opt/php@7.2/lib/httpd/modules/libphp7.so
<FilesMatch \.php$>
SetHandler application/x-httpd-php
</FilesMatch>
Finally, check DirectoryIndex includes index.php
DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
The php.ini and php-fpm.ini file can be found in:
/usr/local/etc/php/7.2/
php@7.2 is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,
because this is an alternate version of another formula.
If you need to have php@7.2 first in your PATH, run:
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/php@7.2/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/php@7.2/sbin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
For compilers to find php@7.2 you may need to set:
export LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/opt/php@7.2/lib"
export CPPFLAGS="-I/usr/local/opt/php@7.2/include"
To restart shivammathur/php/php@7.2 after an upgrade:
brew services restart shivammathur/php/php@7.2
Or, if you don't want/need a background service you can just run:
/usr/local/opt/php@7.2/sbin/php-fpm --nodaemonize
==> Summary
🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/php@7.2/7.2.34_4: 515 files, 75.0MB
==> Running `brew cleanup php@7.2`...
Disable this behaviour by setting HOMEBREW_NO_INSTALL_CLEANUP.
Hide these hints with HOMEBREW_NO_ENV_HINTS (see `man brew`).
➜ ~
由于信息可知，安装目录在 /usr/local/opt/php@7.2 使用PHP 7.2启动Web服务
/usr/local/opt/php@7.2/bin/php -S localhost:8000 -t ./web
使用PHP 8.1启动Web服务
/usr/local/opt/php@8.1/bin/php -S localhost:8000 -t ./web
或
/usr/local/opt/php/bin/php -S localhost:8000 -t ./web
或
php -S localhost:8000 -t ./web
至于切换不同PHP的工具，TBD 后续补充 ... | 
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