the physical assessment(2)

With light palpation(pressing down 1 cm with the fingertips)you can assess for tenderness,temperature,and pulses.Lightly palpate most of the body,including arms and legs.Deep palpation is also used to assess the abdomen and pelvis.Put one hand on top of the other and press down the fingertips of both hands.

通过浅部触诊（指尖下压1cm）可以评估皮肤敏感度，温度和脉搏。浅部触诊身体大部分区域，包括手臂和腿。深部触诊通常用于评估腹部和骨盆。双手交叠用两手指尖下压。

       Although you should auscultate the abdomen first,then palpate it ,usually the heart and lungs are auscultated last.We usually use a stethoscope,although wheezes can be heard without one.Certain sounds are normal if heard in some areas of the lungs,but are abnormal if heard in others.Bronchial lung sounds are heard over the upper airways in an ordinary person.If you hear them over the base of the lungs,the patient probably has pneumonia.

虽然腹部应该先听诊再触诊，但通常心脏和肺应后听诊。我们通常使用听诊器，尽管喘息声不用听诊器也能听见。如果我们在肺部一些区域听到特定的声音是正常的，但是在其他区域听到则是异常。正常人支气管肺呼吸音（？bronchial breath sounds支气管呼吸音）在上气道（？上气道不知道是什么）能听见。如果你在肺尖部（？）听到，患者很可能有肺炎。（翻译的最困难的一段...）

       Although physical assessment is a most complex skill ,practice will help you improve your skills .What is most important is to notice small problems before they become too serious.

虽然身体评估是很复杂的技巧，但练习能有助于你提升你的技巧。最重要的是，在小疾病变更严重之前注意到。
*1、支气管呼吸音（bronchial breath sounds）：正常人可在喉部、胸骨上窝、背部6、7颈椎及第1、2胸椎附近闻及。

*2、呼吸道（respiratory tract）差点把airway翻译成呼吸道。

*3、气道（airway；air passage）

*4、反跳痛（rebound tenderness；rebound pain）

*5、肺气肿（emphysema)