memcached 安装、配置、使用、优化

web2.0和web1.0不一样，web1.0以内容为中心，所以web1.0做负载只需缓存内容就可以了，使用反向代理缓存页面就可以解决大部分问题了。而web2.0鼓励用户交互，内容都是动态的，只做反向代理命的话中率低，而且对数据库进行频繁的写，对数据库压力大。所以，web2.0对web1.0更需要使用内存缓存。

 

memcached高性能的，分布式的内存对象缓存系统，在动态应用中减少数据库负载，提升访问速度。

 

一、服务端安装

使用weget下载libevent和memcached

libevent: http://monkey.org/~provos/libevent-1.4.9-stable.tar.gz

memcached: http://www.danga.com/memcached/dist/memcached-1.2.6.tar.gz

 

1.先安装libevent

tar zxvf libevent-1.4.9-stable.tar.gz cd libevent-1.4.9-stable ./configure make make install 

 

 

2.安装memcached

tar zxvf memcached-1.2.6.tar.gz cd memcached-1.2.6 ./configure make make install 

 

注：如果启动时出现“memcached: error while loading shared libraries: libevent-1.4.so.2: cannot open 

shared object file: No such file or directory”之类的信息，表示memcached找不到libevent的位置

所以，请先使用whereis libevent得到位置，然后连接到memcached所寻找的路径

[root@localhost tools]# whereis libevent libevent: /usr/local/lib/libevent.la /usr/local/lib/libevent.so /usr/local/lib/libevent.a [root@localhost tools]# LD_DEBUG=libs memcached -v 2>&1 > /dev/null | less 3848: find library=libevent-1.4.so.2 [0]; searching 3848: search cache=/etc/ld.so.cache 3848: search path=/lib64/tls/x86_64:/lib64/tls:/lib64/x86_64:/lib64:/ usr/lib64/tls/x86_64:/usr/lib64/tls:/usr/lib64/x86_64:/usr/lib64 (system search path) 3848: trying file=/lib64/tls/x86_64/libevent-1.4.so.2 3848: trying file=/lib64/tls/libevent-1.4.so.2 3848: trying file=/lib64/x86_64/libevent-1.4.so.2 3848: trying file=/lib64/libevent-1.4.so.2 3848: 3848: find library=libc.so.6 [0]; searching 3848: search cache=/etc/ld.so.cache 3848: trying file=/lib64/libc.so.6 3848: 3848: find library=libnsl.so.1 [0]; searching 3848: search cache=/etc/ld.so.cache 3848: trying file=/lib64/libnsl.so.1 3848: 3848: find library=librt.so.1 [0]; searching 3848: search cache=/etc/ld.so.cache 3848: trying file=/lib64/librt.so.1 3848: 3848: find library=libresolv.so.2 [0]; searching 3848: search cache=/etc/ld.so.cache [root@localhost tools]# ln -s /usr/local/lib/libevent-1.4.so.2 /lib64/ 

 

 

二、php安装对memcached的支持

 

 

三、使用

可以使用/usr/local/bin/memcached -h获得使用帮助

 

[root@localhost tools]# /usr/local/bin/memcached -h

memcached 1.2.6 -p 监听端口 默认11211 -U <num> UDP port number to listen on (default: 0, off) -s <file> unix socket path to listen on (disables network support) -a <mask> access mask for unix socket, in octal (default 0700) -l 监听ip地址 -d 以守护进程方式运行 -r maximize core file limit -u 以某个用户来运行（只有root用户才能使用此选项，注意：memcached不能以root来运行） -m 分配给memcached使用的内存，单位是 mb，默认是 64 MB -M return error on memory exhausted (rather than removing items) -c 最大并发连接数，默认是 1024 -k lock down all paged memory. Note that there is a limit on how much memory you may lock. Trying to allocate more than that would fail, so be sure you set the limit correctly for the user you started the daemon with (not for -u <username> user; under sh this is done with 'ulimit -S -l NUM_KB'). -v verbose (print errors/warnings while in event loop) -vv very verbose (also print client commands/reponses) -h print this help and exit -i print memcached and libevent license -b run a managed instanced (mnemonic: buckets) -P 保存memcached的pid文件地址，只有以守护进程运行才有效 -f <factor> chunk size growth factor, default 1.25 -n <bytes> minimum space allocated for key+value+flags, default 48 

 

 

启动memcached

/usr/local/bin/memcached -d -u willko -l 192.168.1.102 -p 11211 -m 128

 

关闭memcached

 

1.如果有保存进程的pid，可以使用 kill `cat /pid文件地址`来结束进程

 

 

2.通过ps aux | grep memcache获得pid，然后kill掉

[root@localhost tools]# ps aux | grep memcache

willko    2888  0.0  0.1  16296  1816 ?        Ss   10:45   0:00 /usr/local/bin/memcached -d -u willko -l 192.168.1.102 -p 11211 -m 128

willko    2891  0.0  0.1  16296  1820 ?        Ss   10:46   0:00 /usr/local/bin/memcached -d -u willko -l 192.168.1.102 -p 11212 -m 128

root      3889  0.0  0.0  61144   712 pts/0    R+   15:13   0:00 grep memcache

 

[root@localhost tools]# kill 2888

 

或者telnet到memcached获得pid

 

 

通过telnet输入stats查看memcached的运行状态

 

 

stats  

stats reset  

stats malloc  

stats maps  

stats sizes  

stats slabs  

stats items  

stats cachedump slab_id limit_num  

stats detail [on|off|dump]  

 

 

 

[root@localhost tools]# telnet 192.168.1.102 11212

Trying 192.168.1.102...

Connected to 192.168.1.102 (192.168.1.102).

Escape character is '^]'.

stats  

STAT pid 2891

STAT uptime 17253

STAT time 1232868838

STAT version 1.2.6

STAT pointer_size 64

STAT rusage_user 0.002999

STAT rusage_system 0.002999

STAT curr_items 2

STAT total_items 28

STAT bytes 149

STAT curr_connections 19

STAT total_connections 22

STAT connection_structures 20

STAT cmd_get 78

STAT cmd_set 28

STAT get_hits 78

STAT get_misses 0

STAT evictions 0

STAT bytes_read 1374

STAT bytes_written 2674

STAT limit_maxbytes 134217728

STAT threads 1

END

 

pid 进程pid

uptime 运行时间

time 当前时间

curr_items 当前存储数

total_items 总存储数

bytes 当前存储内容字节

curr_connections 当前连接数

total_connections 总连接数

cmd_get 查询缓存数

get_hits 命中次数

get_misses 无法命中次数

bytes_read 从网络中读取的字节数

bytes_written 向网络发送的字节数

 

每秒读取 = total_items / uptime * 100%

缓存命中率 = get_hits / cmd_get * 100%

 

四、优化

1.facebook补丁

 

五、代理

memagent

http://code.google.com/p/memagent/

 

六、压力测试

memslap

http://tangent.org/index.pl?node=memslap

 

参考资料：

http://www.danga.com/memcached/

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=39391378919