142. Linked List Cycle II

142. Linked List Cycle II


总结:
南京大乱炖: http://www.cnblogs.com/hiddenfox/p/3408931.html
grandyang: http://www.cnblogs.com/grandyang/p/4137302.html

方法1:

思路:
第一次相遇后,让slow,fast继续走,记录到下次相遇时循环了几次。因为当fast第二次到达Z点时,fast走了一圈,slow走了半圈,而当fast第三次到达Z点时,fast走了两圈,slow走了一圈,正好还在Z点相遇。求出了环的长度也就知道了环之前的长度。

方法2:

思路:第一次相遇后,让fast停着不走了,slow继续走,记录到下次相遇时循环了几次。slow走过的距离是半环长度

方法3:

思路:
第一次相遇时slow走过的距离:a+b,fast走过的距离:a+b+c+b。

因为fast的速度是slow的两倍,所以fast走的距离是slow的两倍,有 2(a+b) = a+b+c+b,可以得到a=c(这个结论很重要!)。

我们发现L=b+c=a+b,也就是说,从一开始到二者第一次相遇,循环的次数就等于环的长度。

  1. 环的长度是多少?

  2. 如何找到环中第一个节点(即Linked List Cycle II)?
    我们已经得到了结论a=c,那么让两个指针分别从X和Z开始走,每次走一步,那么正好会在Y相遇!也就是环的第一个节点。

  3. 如何将有环的链表变成单链表(解除环)?
    在上一个问题的最后,将c段中Y点之前的那个节点与Y的链接切断即可。

  4. 如何判断两个单链表是否有交点?如何找到第一个相交的节点?
    如何判断两个单链表是否有交点?先判断两个链表是否有环,如果一个有环一个没环,肯定不相交;如果两个都没有环,判断两个列表的尾部是否相等;如果两个都有环,判断一个链表上的Z点是否在另一个链表上。

class Solution {
public:
    ListNode *detectCycle(ListNode *head) {
        ListNode * fast = head, *slow = head;
        while (fast && fast -> next){
            fast = fast -> next -> next;
            slow = slow -> next;
            
            if (slow == fast) break;
        }
        
        if (!fast || !fast -> next) return nullptr;
        slow = head;
        while (slow != fast){
            slow = slow -> next;
            fast = fast -> next;
        }
        
        return fast;
    }
};
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