722. Remove Comments

Given a C++ program, remove comments from it. The program source is an array where source[i] is the i-th line of the source code. This represents the result of splitting the original source code string by the newline character \n.

In C++, there are two types of comments, line comments, and block comments.

The string // denotes a line comment, which represents that it and rest of the characters to the right of it in the same line should be ignored.

The string /* denotes a block comment, which represents that all characters until the next (non-overlapping) occurrence of / should be ignored. (Here, occurrences happen in reading order: line by line from left to right.) To be clear, the string // does not yet end the block comment, as the ending would be overlapping the beginning.

The first effective comment takes precedence over others: if the string // occurs in a block comment, it is ignored. Similarly, if the string /* occurs in a line or block comment, it is also ignored.

If a certain line of code is empty after removing comments, you must not output that line: each string in the answer list will be non-empty.

There will be no control characters, single quote, or double quote characters. For example, source = “string s = “/* Not a comment. */”;” will not be a test case. (Also, nothing else such as defines or macros will interfere with the comments.)

It is guaranteed that every open block comment will eventually be closed, so /* outside of a line or block comment always starts a new comment.

Finally, implicit newline characters can be deleted by block comments. Please see the examples below for details.

After removing the comments from the source code, return the source code in the same format.

Example 1:
Input:
source = ["/*Test program /", “int main()”, "{ ", " // variable declaration ", “int a, b, c;”, "/ This is a test", " multiline ", " comment for “, " testing */”, “a = b + c;”, “}”]

The line by line code is visualized as below:
/*Test program /
int main()
{
// variable declaration
int a, b, c;
/ This is a test
multiline
comment for
testing */
a = b + c;
}

Output: [“int main()”,"{ “,” “,“int a, b, c;”,“a = b + c;”,”}"]

The line by line code is visualized as below:
int main()
{

int a, b, c;
a = b + c;
}

Explanation:
The string /* denotes a block comment, including line 1 and lines 6-9. The string // denotes line 4 as comments.
Example 2:
Input:
source = [“a/comment", “line”, "more_comment/b”]
Output: [“ab”]
Explanation: The original source string is “a/comment\nline\nmore_comment/b”, where we have bolded the newline characters. After deletion, the implicit newline characters are deleted, leaving the string “ab”, which when delimited by newline characters becomes [“ab”].
Note:

1. The length of source is in the range [1, 100].
2. The length of source[i] is in the range [0, 80].
3. Every open block comment is eventually closed.
4. There are no single-quote, double-quote, or control characters in the source code.

方法1:

思路：

这里的循环逻辑是：每次两个字符两个字符的扫描，因为注释的标志符号都是两个字符。在注释内和注释外，我们所care的事情是不一样的首先判断是否在注释内。如果在的话，只关注本行是否有"/“，如果有，需要改变inBlock的状态。如果不在的话，我们仍然以两个字符扫为主，但是每行末尾此时还要单独处理一下，比如 "/b", 最后一个b会漏掉。我们找两种标志，“//”的话，就直接break本行，因为后面有*/我们也不care了。如果“/”，还必须扫描完本行，因为如果后面马上可能出现"/"，而闭合后出现的字符还要继续记录。最后push到res之前判断一下是否为空。

class Solution {
public:
    vector<string> removeComments(vector<string>& source) {
        vector<string> res;
        
        bool inBlock = false;
        string out;
        for (auto line: source) {
            for (int i = 0; i < line.size(); i++) {
                if (!inBlock) {
                    if (i == line.size() - 1) {
                        out += line[i];
                    }
                    else {
                        string tmp = line.substr(i, 2);
                        if (tmp == "//") break;
                        else if (tmp == "/*") {
                            inBlock = true;
                            i++;
                        }
                        else if (!inBlock) out += line[i];
                    }
                }
                else {
                    string tmp = line.substr(i, 2);
                    if (tmp == "*/") {
                        inBlock = false;
                        i++;
                    }
                } 
            }
            if (!inBlock && !out.empty()) {
                res.push_back(out);
                out = "";
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
};