VQ(Vector quantization)

VQ 就是一个估算子，例如：

Here, every pair of numbers falling in a particular region are approximated by a red star associated with that region. Note that there are 16 regions and 16 red stars -- each of which can be uniquely represented by 4 bits. Thus, this is a 2-dimensional, 4-bit VQ. Its rate is also 2 bits/dimension.

An example of a 2-dimensional VQ is shown below:

 The red stars are called codevectors and the regions defined by the blue borders are called encoding regions. The