SpringAlibabaNacos项目搭建

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最新推荐文章于 2024-07-16 19:37:02 发布

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分类专栏： SpringCloudAlibaba

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/wind_warmsun/article/details/109160822

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本文介绍了如何在Linux和Windows环境下部署Nacos，并详细讲述了在IDEA中搭建Spring Cloud Alibaba项目的过程，包括创建依赖管理项目、服务提供者和服务消费者。在实际应用中，使用Feign客户端代替RestTemplate进行服务调用，并讨论了Nacos的负载均衡策略，默认采用轮询方式。同时提到了在provider中通过修改配置文件运行多个实例。

摘要由CSDN通过智能技术生成

nacos

1.nacos部署

1.linux 部署容器化 docker-compose

2.window部署

下载最新版后，解压到文件加后，需要更改startup.cmd 为单机模式: 在这里插入图片描述

2.idea项目搭建

创建spring cloud alibaba 项目版本控制
SpringBoot 项目创建

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.wind</groupId>
    <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-alibaba</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <modules>
        <module>hello-spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</module>
        <module>hello-spring-cloud-alibaba-provider</module>
        <module>hello-spring-cloud-alibaba-nacos-consumer</module>
    </modules>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <maven.compiler.source>${java.version}</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>${java.version}</maven.compiler.target>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    </properties>

    <!--
    dependencyManagement 声明同一项目所用的版本号和依赖一致 ，需要在子项目进行声明  parent
    dependencies   所有生命在dependencies里的依赖都会自动引入，并默认被所有的子项目继承。
    -->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.wind</groupId>
                <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${project.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <profiles>
        <profile>
            <id>default</id>
            <activation>
                <activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
            </activation>
            <properties>
                <spring-javaformat.version>0.0.12</spring-javaformat.version>
            </properties>
            <build>
                <plugins>
                    <plugin>
                        <groupId>io.spring.javaformat</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-javaformat-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                        <version>${spring-javaformat.version}</version>
                    </plugin>
                    <plugin>
                        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                        <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                        <configuration>
                            <includes>
                                <include>**/*Tests.java</include>
                            </includes>
                            <excludes>
                                <exclude>**/Abstract*.java</exclude>
                            </excludes>
                            <systemPropertyVariables>
                                <java.security.egd>file:/dev/./urandom</java.security.egd>
                                <java.awt.headless>true</java.awt.headless>
                            </systemPropertyVariables>
                        </configuration>
                    </plugin>
                    <plugin>
                        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                        <artifactId>maven-enforcer-plugin</artifactId>
                        <executions>
                            <execution>
                                <id>enforce-rules</id>
                                <goals>
                                    <goal>enforce</goal>
                                </goals>
                                <configuration>
                                    <rules>
                                        <bannedDependencies>
                                            <excludes>
                                                <exclude>commons-logging:*:*</exclude>
                                            </excludes>
                                            <searchTransitive>true</searchTransitive>
                                        </bannedDependencies>
                                    </rules>
                                    <fail>true</fail>
                                </configuration>
                            </execution>
                        </executions>
                    </plugin>
                    <plugin>
                        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                        <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
                        <configuration>
                            <skip>true</skip>
                        </configuration>
                    </plugin>
                    <plugin>
                        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                        <artifactId>maven-javadoc-plugin</artifactId>
                        <configuration>
                            <skip>true</skip>
                        </configuration>
                        <inherited>true</inherited>
                    </plugin>
                </plugins>
            </build>
        </profile>
    </profiles>

    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestone</id>
            <name>Spring Milestone</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-snapshot</id>
            <name>Spring Snapshot</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

    <pluginRepositories>
        <pluginRepository>
            <id>spring-milestone</id>
            <name>Spring Milestone</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </pluginRepository>
        <pluginRepository>
            <id>spring-snapshot</id>
            <name>Spring Snapshot</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </pluginRepository>
    </pluginRepositories>
</project>

创建spring cloud alibaba 项目版本控制
创建hello-spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies 作为整个项目的依赖和版本控制

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-alibaba</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.wind</groupId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.wind</groupId>
    <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <properties>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR3</spring-cloud.version>
        <spring-cloud-alibaba.verion>2.1.0.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.verion>
    </properties>

    <licenses>
        <license>
            <name>Apache 2.0</name>
            <url>https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.txt</url>
        </license>
    </licenses>

    <developers>
        <developer>
            <id>wjf</id>
            <name>wind</name>
        </developer>
    </developers>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.verion}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestone</id>
            <name>Spring Milestone</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-snapshot</id>
            <name>Spring Snapshot</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

    <pluginRepositories>
        <pluginRepository>
            <id>spring-milestone</id>
            <name>Spring Milestone</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </pluginRepository>
        <pluginRepository>
            <id>spring-snapshot</id>
            <name>Spring Snapshot</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>true</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </pluginRepository>
    </pluginRepositories>

</project>

服务提供者 provider

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.wind</groupId>
        <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-alibaba-nacos-provider</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>hello-spring-cloud-alibaba-nacos-provider</name>
    <inceptionYear>2018-Now</inceptionYear>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- Spring Boot Begin -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring Boot End -->

        <!-- Spring Cloud Begin -->
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba.cloud/spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring Cloud End -->
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>com.wind.spring.cloud.alibaba.provider.ProviderApplication</mainClass>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

package com.wind.spring.cloud.alibaba.provider.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class EchoController {

    @GetMapping("/echo/{string}")
    public String echo(@PathVariable("string") String string){
        return "hello nacos"+string;
    }
}

package com.wind.spring.cloud.alibaba.provider;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ProviderApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ProviderApplication.class,args);
    }
}

spring:
  application:
    name: nacos-provider
  cloud:
    nacos:
    #这是服务器发现地址
      discovery:
        server-addr: localhost:8848


server:
  port: 8081

management:
  #健康断点检查
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: "*"

服务消费者 consumer

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.wind</groupId>
        <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <artifactId>hello-spring-cloud-alibaba-nacos-consumer</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>hello-spring-cloud-alibaba-nacos-consumer</name>
    <inceptionYear>2018-Now</inceptionYear>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- Spring Boot Begin -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Spring Boot End -->

        <!-- Spring Cloud Begin -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.0.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.alibaba.cloud/spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Spring Cloud End -->

    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>com.wind.spring.cloud.alibaba.provider.ConsumerApplication</mainClass>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

创建一个名为 NacosConsumerConfiguration 的 Java 配置类，主要作用是为了注入 RestTemplate

package com.wind.spring.cloud.alibaba.provider.config;

import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
public class ConsumerConfiguration {

    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced //  这个template具备负载均衡功能,调用服务其底层使用的是httpclient
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

package com.wind.spring.cloud.alibaba.provider.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@RestController
public class TestController {

    //只创建一次  线程安全
    private final RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Autowired
    public TestController(RestTemplate restTemplate){
        this.restTemplate = restTemplate;
    }

    @GetMapping("/echo/{str}")
    public String echo(@PathVariable("str") String str){
    	//这里的nacos-provider则是在ncaos中服务列表里的服务的名称也就是配置文件里的name
        return restTemplate.getForObject("http://nacos-provider/echo/"+str,String.class);
    }
}

在SpringBoot启动类加上@EnableDiscoveryClient

package com.wind.spring.cloud.alibaba.provider;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

@SpringBootApplication
//加上该注解
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ProviderApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ProviderApplication.class,args);
    }
}

开启两个消费者和提供者后，可在nacos中查看
在这里插入图片描述

在实际项目开发中不使用RestTemplate 而是使用Feign客户端（声明式的伪Http客户端），底层仍然使用的是httpclient

在consumer中添加依赖

        <!--Feign-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>

Application添加注解开启Feign @EnableFeignClients

package com.funtl.hello.spring.cloud.alibaba.nacos.consumer.feign;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class NacosConsumerFeignApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(NacosConsumerFeignApplication.class, args);
    }
}

nacos 负载均衡默认方案轮询

provider idea勾选 yml更改端口运行多个实例
在这里插入图片描述

package com.funtl.hello.spring.cloud.alibaba.nacos.provider;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class NacosProviderApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(NacosProviderApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String port;

    @RestController
    public class EchoController {
        @GetMapping(value = "/echo/{message}")
        public String echo(@PathVariable String message) {
            return "Hello Nacos Discovery " + message + " i am from port " + port;
        }
    }
}

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SpringAlibabaNacos项目搭建

nacos1.nacos部署1.linux 部署容器化 docker-compose2.window部署下载最新版后，解压到文件加后，需要更改startup.cmd 为单机模式:2.idea项目搭建创建spring cloud alibaba 项目版本控制SpringBoot 项目创建<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
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