[node] express学习

什么是express

express是一个基于node.js平台的，快速、极简web开发框架。

第一个express程序hello world

1. 创建工程目录hello-express, 并使用npm init命令生成packeage.json文件

/mnt/d/study/node (master) $ mkdir hello-express
/mnt/d/study/node (master) $ cd hello-express/
/mnt/d/study/node/hello-express (master) $ npm init

2. 工程目录安装express，并保存在package.json文件的dependecies list

/mnt/d/study/node/hello-express (master) $ npm install express --save

3. 增加index.js文件，内容如下

'use script';

var express = require('express')
var app = express()
var port = 1026

app.get("/", (req, res) => {
    res.send("hello world");
})

app.listen(port, ()=>{
    console.log("express app running at http://localhost:" + port)
})

4. 启动程序

/mnt/d/study/node/hello-express (master) $  node index.js

5. 浏览器访问
   

6. 至此，第一个hello程序完成，代码目录结构如下

/mnt/d/study/node (master) $ tree hello-express -L 1
hello-express
├── index.js
├── node_modules
└── package.json

使用express生成标准程序框架

• 安装npx(要求node 8.2.0以上版本)

/mnt/d/study/node (master) $ sudo npm install npx -g

• 使用npx命令生成工程骨架

/mnt/d/study/node (master) $ npx express-generator general-express/
npx: installed 10 in 4.406s

  warning: the default view engine will not be jade in future releases
  warning: use `--view=jade' or `--help' for additional options


   create : general-express/
   create : general-express/public/
   create : general-express/public/javascripts/
   create : general-express/public/images/
   create : general-express/public/stylesheets/
   create : general-express/public/stylesheets/style.css
   create : general-express/routes/
   create : general-express/routes/index.js
   create : general-express/routes/users.js
   create : general-express/views/
   create : general-express/views/error.jade
   create : general-express/views/index.jade
   create : general-express/views/layout.jade
   create : general-express/app.js
   create : general-express/package.json
   create : general-express/bin/
   create : general-express/bin/www

   change directory:
     $ cd general-express/

   install dependencies:
     $ npm install

   run the app:
     $ DEBUG=general-express:* npm start

• 生成的骨架目录结构，如下

/mnt/d/study/node (master) $ cd general-express/
/mnt/d/study/node/general-express (master) $ tree . -L 2
.
├── app.js
├── bin
│   └── www
├── package.json
├── public
│   ├── images
│   ├── javascripts
│   └── stylesheets
├── routes
│   ├── index.js
│   └── users.js
└── views
    ├── error.jade
    ├── index.jade
    └── layout.jade

7 directories, 8 files

• 安装依赖库

/mnt/d/study/node/general-express (master) $ npm install

• 启动程序

/mnt/d/study/node/general-express (master) $ DEBUG=general-express:* npm start

general-express@0.0.0 start /mnt/d/study/node/general-express
node ./bin/www
general-express:server Listening on port 3000 +0ms

• 浏览器访问
  

• 执行分析