UBOOT 6410分析篇

      U-Boot是用于多种嵌入式CPU( MIPS、x86、ARM等)的bootloader程序,U-Boot不仅支持嵌入式Linux系统的引导,还支持VxWorks, QNX等多种嵌入式操作系统。

查看S3C6410_Internal_ROM_Booting.pdf可看到系统启动的原理图如下:

linux的Uboot分析

对于.lds文件,它定义了整个程序编译之后的连接过程,决定了一个可执行程序的各个段的存储位置。
SECTIONS {
        ...
        secname start BLOCK(align) (NOLOAD) : AT ( ldadr )
        { contents } >region :phdr =fill
        ...
        }
secname和contents是必须的,其他的都是可选的。下面挑几个常用的看看:

1、secname:段名
2、contents:决定哪些内容放在本段,可以是整个目标文件,也可以是目标文件中的某段(代码段、数据段等)
3、start:本段连接(运行)的地址,如果没有使用AT(ldadr),本段存储的地址也是start。GNU网站上说start可以用任意一种描述地址的符号来描述。
4、AT(ldadr):定义本段存储(加载)的地址。


结合u-boot.lds进行分析:

OUTPUT_FORMAT("elf32­littlearm", "elf32­littlearm", "elf32­littlearm")
        //指定输出可执行文件是elf格式,32位ARM指令,小端
        OUTPUT_ARCH(arm)
        //指定输出可执行文件的平台为ARM
        ENTRY(_start)
       //指定输出可执行文件的起始代码段为_start.


SECTIONS
        {
                . = 0x00000000 ; 从0x0位置开始
                . = ALIGN(4) ; 代码以4字节对齐
                .text : ;指定代码段
                {
                     cpu/s3c64xx/start.o	(.text)  //代码的第一个代码部分
	             cpu/s3c64xx/s3c6410/cpu_init.o//	(.text)//初始化CPU
	              cpu/s3c64xx/onenand_cp.o	// (.text)
	              cpu/s3c64xx/nand_cp.o	//(.text)//拷贝nandflash 8K至stepstone
	              cpu/s3c64xx/movi.o //(.text)//把nandflash剩余部分拷贝至DRAM中运行
	              *(.text)//代码剩余部分
	             lib_arm/div0.o
                }
                . = ALIGN(4)
                .rodata : { *(.rodata) }//指定只读数据段
                . = ALIGN(4)
                .data : { *(.data) } //指定读/写数据段
                . = ALIGN(4)
        .got : { *(.got) } //指定got段, got段式是uboot自定义的一个段, 非标准段
                __u_boot_cmd_start = . //把__u_boot_cmd_start赋值为当前位置, 即起始位置
                .u_boot_cmd : { *(.u_boot_cmd) } //指定u_boot_cmd段, uboot把所有的uboot命令放在该段.
                __u_boot_cmd_end = .//把__u_boot_cmd_end赋值为当前位置,即结束位置
                . = ALIGN(4)
         __bss_start = .// 把__bss_start赋值为当前位置,即bss段的开始位置
                .bss : { *(.bss) }// 指定bss段
                _end = .//把_end赋值为当前位置,即bss段的结束位置
        }

在链接器脚本中可以看出,程序入口时start.s,下面开始分析start.s  

 *  armboot - Startup Code for S3C6400/ARM1176 CPU-core 
 * 
 *  Copyright (c) 2007  Samsung Electronics 
 * 
 * 
 * See file CREDITS for list of people who contributed to this 
 * project. 
 * 
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or 
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as 
 * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of 
 * the License, or (at your option) any later version. 
 * 
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the 
 * GNU General Public License for more details. 
 * 
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software 
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, 
 * MA 02111-1307 USA 
 * 
 * 2007-09-21 - Restructured codes by jsgood (jsgood.yang@samsung.com) 
 * 2007-09-21 - Added moviNAND and OneNAND boot codes by jsgood (jsgood.yang@samsung.com) 
 * Base codes by scsuh (sc.suh) 
 */  
  
#include   
#include   
#ifdef CONFIG_ENABLE_MMU  
#include   
#endif  
#include   
  
#ifndef CONFIG_ENABLE_MMU  
#ifndef CFG_PHY_UBOOT_BASE  
#define CFG_PHY_UBOOT_BASE  CFG_UBOOT_BASE  
#endif  
#endif  
  
/* 
 ************************************************************************* 
 * 
 * Jump vector table as in table 3.1 in [1] 
 * 
 ************************************************************************* 
 */  
//global声明一个符号可被其它文件引用,相当于声明了一个全局变量,.globl与.global相同。  
//该部分为处理器的异常处理向量表。地址范围为0x0000 0000 ~ 0x0000 0020,刚好8条指令。   (1)  
.globl _start         
_start: b   reset  
    ldr pc, _undefined_instruction  
    ldr pc, _software_interrupt  
    ldr pc, _prefetch_abort  
    ldr pc, _data_abort  
    ldr pc, _not_used  
    ldr pc, _irq  
    ldr pc, _fiq  
// .word伪操作用于分配一段字内存单元(分配的单元都是字对齐的),并用伪操作中的expr初始化。.long与.int作用与之//相同。  
  
_undefined_instruction:  
    .word undefined_instruction  
_software_interrupt:  
    .word software_interrupt  
_prefetch_abort:  
    .word prefetch_abort  
_data_abort:  
    .word data_abort  
_not_used:  
    .word not_used  
_irq:  
    .word irq  
_fiq:  
    .word fiq  
_pad:  
    .word 0x12345678 /* now 16*4=64 */  
.global _end_vect  
_end_vect:  
  
    .balignl 16,0xdeadbeef  
/* 
 ************************************************************************* 
 * 
 * Startup Code (reset vector) 
 * 
 * do important init only if we don't start from memory! 
 * setup Memory and board specific bits prior to relocation. 
 * relocate armboot to ram 
 * setup stack 
 * 
 ************************************************************************* 
 */  
// TEXT_BASE在开发板相关的目录中的config.mk文件中定义, 它定义了  
// 代码在运行时所在的地址, 那么_TEXT_BASE中保存了这个地址  
_TEXT_BASE:  
    .word   TEXT_BASE  
  
/* 
 * Below variable is very important because we use MMU in U-Boot. 
 * Without it, we cannot run code correctly before MMU is ON. 
 * by scsuh. 
 */  
_TEXT_PHY_BASE:  
    .word   CFG_PHY_UBOOT_BASE  
// 声明 _armboot_start 并用 _start 来进行初始化,在board/u-boot.lds中定义  
.globl _armboot_start  
_armboot_start:  
    .word _start  
  
/* 
 * These are defined in the board-specific linker script. 
 */  
// 声明_bss_start并用__bss_start来初始化,其中__bss_start定义在与板相关的u-boot.lds中。  
// _bss_start保存的是__bss_start这个标号所在的地址, 这里涉及到当前代码所在  
// 的地址不是编译时的地址的情况, 这里直接取得该标号对应的地址, 不受编译时  
// 地址的影响. _bss_end也是同样的道理.  
.globl _bss_start  
_bss_start:  
    .word __bss_start  
  
.globl _bss_end  
_bss_end:  
    .word _end  
  
#ifdef CONFIG_USE_IRQ  
/* IRQ stack memory (calculated at run-time) */  
.globl IRQ_STACK_START  
IRQ_STACK_START:  
    .word   0x0badc0de  
  
/* IRQ stack memory (calculated at run-time) */  
.globl FIQ_STACK_START  
FIQ_STACK_START:  
    .word 0x0badc0de  
#endif  
reset代码:

/* 
 * the actual reset code 
 */  
//  MRS {
  
  
   
   } Rd,CPSR|SPSR 将CPSR|SPSR传送到Rd  
//  使用这两条指令将状态寄存器传送到一般寄存器,只修改必要的位,再将结果传送回状态寄存器,这样可以最好地完成对CRSP或者SPSR的修改  
//  MSR {
   
   
    
    } CPSR_
    
    
     
     |SPSR_
     
     
      
      ,Rm 或者是 MSR {
      
      
        } CPSR_f|SPSR_f,#<32-bit immediate=""> // MRS与MSR配合使用,作为更新PSR的“读取--修改--写回”序列的一部分 // bic r0,r1,r2 ;r0:=r1 and not r2 // orr ro,r1,r2 ;r0:=r1 or r2 // 这几条指令执行完毕后,进入SVC模式,该模式主要用来处理软件中断(SWI) reset: /* * set the cpu to SVC32 mode */ mrs r0,cpsr bic r0,r0,#0x1f orr r0,r0,#0xd3 msr cpsr,r0 
      
     
     
    
    
   
   
  
  

CPU及DDR内存初始化代码

/* 
 ************************************************************************* 
 * 
 * CPU_init_critical registers 
 * 
 * setup important registers 
 * setup memory timing 
 * 
 ************************************************************************* 
 */  
         /* 
         * we do sys-critical inits only at reboot, 
         * not when booting from ram! 
         */  
//cpu初始化  
cpu_init_crit:  
    /* 
     * flush v4 I/D caches 
     */  
     //关闭I/Dcaches  
    mov r0, #0  
    mcr p15, 0, r0, c7, c7, 0   /* flush v3/v4 cache */  
    mcr p15, 0, r0, c8, c7, 0   /* flush v4 TLB */  
  
    /* 
     * disable MMU stuff and caches 
     */  
     //关闭MMU  
    mrc p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0  
    bic r0, r0, #0x00002300 @ clear bits 13, 9:8 (--V- --RS)  
    bic r0, r0, #0x00000087 @ clear bits 7, 2:0 (B--- -CAM)  
    orr r0, r0, #0x00000002 @ set bit 2 (A) Align  
    orr r0, r0, #0x00001000 @ set bit 12 (I) I-Cache  
    mcr p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0  
  
    /* Peri port setup */  
    //外设基地址设置  
    ldr r0, =0x70000000  
    orr r0, r0, #0x13  
        mcr p15,0,r0,c15,c2,4       @ 256M(0x70000000-0x7fffffff)  
//因为是只定义了6410,别的都忽略  
#ifdef CONFIG_BOOT_ONENAND  
    ldr r0, =0x70000000     @ onenand controller setup  
    orr r0, r0, #0x100000  
    ldr r1, =0x4000  
    orr r1, r1, #0xe0  
    str r1, [r0]  
//关闭6410的看门狗  
#if defined(CONFIG_S3C6410) || defined(CONFIG_S3C6430)  
    orr r0, r0, #300        @ disable watchdog  
    mov r1, #1  
    str r1, [r0]  
  
    mov r1, #0x23000000     @ start buffer register  
    orr r1, r1, #0x30000  
    orr r1, r1, #0xc800  
#else  //不执行  
    mov r1, =0x20000000     @ start buffer register  
    orr r1, r1, #0xc30000  
    orr r1, r1, #0xc800  
#endif  
  
    sub r0, r1, #0x0400     @ start address1 register  
  
    ldr r2, [r1, #0x84]     @ ecc bypass  
    orr r2, r2, #0x100  
    str r2, [r1, #0x84]  
  
    mov r3, #0x0        @ DFS, FBA  
    str r3, [r0, #0x00]  
    str r3, [r0, #0x04]     @ select dataram for DDP as 0  
  
    mov r4, #0x104      @ interrupt register  
    mov r5, #0x0002     @ FPA, FSA  
    mov r6, #0x0800     @ BSA  
  
onenand_bl1_load:  
    str r5, [r0, #0x1c]     @ save FPA, FSA  
    orr r6, r6, #0x02       @ BSC  
    str r6, [r1, #0x00]     @ save BSA, BSC  
    str r3, [r1, r4]        @ clear interrupt  
    str r3, [r1, #0x80]     @ write load command  
  
    mov r7, #0x100      @ need small delay  
  
onenand_wait_loop1:  
    subs    r7, r7, #0x1  
    bne onenand_wait_loop1  
  
    add r5, r5, #0x2        @ next FPA, FSA  
    sub r6, r6, #0x2  
    add r6, r6, #0x200      @ next BSA  
    cmp r5, #0x8  
    bne onenand_bl1_load  
#endif  
  
    /* 
     * Go setup Memory and board specific bits prior to relocation. 
     */  
    bl  lowlevel_init   /* go setup pll,mux,memory */  
  
    /* when we already run in ram, we don't need to relocate U-Boot. 
     * and actually, memory controller must be configured before U-Boot 
     * is running in ram. 
     */  
      
     ldr    r0, =0xff000fff  
      
      
  
  
    bic r1, pc, r0      /* r0 <- current base addr of code */  
    ldr r2, _TEXT_BASE      /* r1 <- original base addr in ram */  
    bic r2, r2, r0      /* r0 <- current base addr of code */  
    cmp     r1, r2                  /* compare r0, r1                  */  
    beq     after_copy      /* r0 == r1 then skip flash copy   */  
//使用nandflash,此处忽略  
#ifdef CONFIG_BOOT_NOR          /* relocate U-Boot to RAM */  
    adr r0, _start      /* r0 <- current position of code   */  
    ldr r1, _TEXT_PHY_BASE  /* r1 <- destination                */  
    ldr r2, _armboot_start  
    ldr r3, _bss_start  
    sub r2, r3, r2      /* r2 <- size of armboot            */  
    add r2, r0, r2      /* r2 <- source end address         */  
  
nor_copy_loop:  
    ldmia   r0!, {r3-r10}       /* copy from source address [r0]    */  
    stmia   r1!, {r3-r10}       /* copy to   target address [r1]    */  
    cmp r0, r2          /* until source end addreee [r2]    */  
    ble nor_copy_loop  
    b   after_copy  
#endif  
//从Nandflash启动,执行此处代码  
#ifdef CONFIG_BOOT_NAND  
    mov r0, #0x1000  
    bl  copy_from_nand  
#endif  
  
#ifdef CONFIG_BOOT_MOVINAND  
    ldr sp, _TEXT_PHY_BASE  
    bl  movi_bl2_copy  
    b   after_copy  
#endif  
//使用nandflash,此处忽略  
#ifdef CONFIG_BOOT_ONENAND  
    ldr sp, =0x50000000     @ temporary stack  
//设置地址并分配空间  
#ifdef CONFIG_S3C6400  
    mov r1, =0x20000000     @ start buffer register  
    orr r1, r1, #0xc30000  
    orr r1, r1, #0xc800  
#else  
    mov r1, #0x23000000     @ start buffer register  
    orr r1, r1, #0x30000  
    orr r1, r1, #0xc800  
#endif  
  
    ldr r2, [r1, #0x84]     @ ecc bypass  
    orr r2, r2, #0x100  
    str r2, [r1, #0x84]  
  
    sub r0, r1, #0x0400     @ start address1 register  
  
    str r3, [r0, #0x00]  
    str r3, [r0, #0x04]     @ select dataram for DDP as 0  
  
    mov r4, #0x104      @ interrupt register  
  
    mov r6, #0x0c00     @ fixed dataram1 sector number  
    str r6, [r1, #0x00]  
  
    mov r3, #0x0        @ DFS, FBA  
    mov r5, #0x0000     @ FPA, FSA  
    ldr r9, =CFG_PHY_UBOOT_BASE @ destination  
  
onenand_bl2_load:  
    str r3, [r0, #0x00]     @ save DFS, FBA  
    str r5, [r0, #0x1c]     @ save FPA, FSA  
  
    mov r7, #0x0        @ clear interrupt  
    str r7, [r1, r4]  
    str r7, [r1, #0x80]     @ write load command  
  
    mov r8, #0x1000  
onenand_wait_loop2:  
    subs    r8, r8, #0x1  
    bne onenand_wait_loop2  
  
onenand_wait_int:           @ wait INT and RI  
    ldr r7, [r1, r4]  
    mov r8, #0x8000  
    orr r8, r8, #0x80  
    tst r7, r8  
    beq onenand_wait_int  
  
    mov r7, #0x0        @ clear interrupt  
    str r7, [r1, r4]  
  
    mov r8, #0xc00      @ source address (dataram1)  
    mov r10, #0x40      @ copy loop count (64 = 2048 / 32)  
  
    stmia   sp, {r0-r7}     @ backup  
//把代码拷贝至DRAM  
onenand_copy_to_ram:  
    ldmia   r8!, {r0-r7}  
    stmia   r9!, {r0-r7}  
    subs    r10, r10, #0x1  
    bne onenand_copy_to_ram  
  
    ldmia   sp, {r0-r7}     @ restore  
  
    add r5, r5, #0x4        @ next FPA  
    cmp r5, #0x100      @ last FPA?  
    bne onenand_bl2_load  
  
    /* next block */  
    mov r5, #0x0        @ reset FPA  
    add r3, r3, #0x1        @ next FBA  
    cmp r3, #0x2        @ last FBA?  
    bne onenand_bl2_load  
    b   after_copy  
#endif  
  
#ifdef CONFIG_BOOT_ONENAND_IROM  
    ldr sp, _TEXT_PHY_BASE  
    bl  onenand_bl2_copy  
    b   after_copy  
#endif  
//进入DRAM执行  
after_copy:  
#ifdef CONFIG_ENABLE_MMU  
开MMU  
enable_mmu:  
    /* enable domain access */  
    ldr r5, =0x0000ffff  
    mcr p15, 0, r5, c3, c0, 0       @ load domain access register  
  
    /* Set the TTB register */  
    ldr r0, _mmu_table_base  
    ldr r1, =CFG_PHY_UBOOT_BASE  
    ldr r2, =0xfff00000  
    bic r0, r0, r2  
    orr r1, r0, r1  
    mcr p15, 0, r1, c2, c0, 0  
  
    /* Enable the MMU */  
mmu_on:  
    mrc p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0  
    orr r0, r0, #1          /* Set CR_M to enable MMU */  
    mcr p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0  
    nop  
    nop  
    nop  
    nop  
#endif  
  
skip_hw_init:  
    /* Set up the stack                         */  
stack_setup:  
//分配堆栈  
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_UPPER_CODE  
    ldr sp, =(CFG_UBOOT_BASE + CFG_UBOOT_SIZE - 0xc)  
#else  
    ldr r0, _TEXT_BASE      /* upper 128 KiB: relocated uboot   */  
    sub r0, r0, #CFG_MALLOC_LEN /* malloc area                      */  
    sub r0, r0, #CFG_GBL_DATA_SIZE /* bdinfo                        */  
#ifdef CONFIG_USE_IRQ  
    sub r0, r0, #(CONFIG_STACKSIZE_IRQ+CONFIG_STACKSIZE_FIQ)  
#endif  
    sub sp, r0, #12     /* leave 3 words for abort-stack    */  
  
#endif  
//将未初始化数据段_bss_start----_bss_end中的数据清零  
clear_bss:  
    ldr r0, _bss_start      /* find start of bss segment        */  
    ldr r1, _bss_end        /* stop here                        */  
    mov     r2, #0x00000000     /* clear                            */  
  
clbss_l:  
    str r2, [r0]        /* clear loop...                    */  
    add r0, r0, #4  
    cmp r0, r1  
    ble clbss_l  
  
    ldr pc, _start_armboot  
  
_start_armboot:  
    .word start_armboot  
  
#ifdef CONFIG_ENABLE_MMU  
_mmu_table_base:  
    .word mmu_table  
#endif  
  
/* 
 * copy U-Boot to SDRAM and jump to ram (from NAND or OneNAND) 
 * r0: size to be compared 
 * Load 1'st 2blocks to RAM because U-boot's size is larger than 1block(128k) size 
 */  
    .globl copy_from_nand  
    //从NANDflash中拷贝8K以后的代码值DRAM  
copy_from_nand:  
    mov r10, lr     /* save return address */  
  
    mov r9, r0  
    /* get ready to call C functions */  
    ldr sp, _TEXT_PHY_BASE  /* setup temp stack pointer */  
    sub sp, sp, #12  
    mov fp, #0          /* no previous frame, so fp=0 */  
    mov r9, #0x1000  
    bl  copy_uboot_to_ram  
  
3:  tst     r0, #0x0  
    bne copy_failed  
  
    ldr r0, =0x0c000000  
    ldr r1, _TEXT_PHY_BASE  
1:  ldr r3, [r0], #4  
    ldr r4, [r1], #4  
    teq r3, r4  
    bne compare_failed  /* not matched */  
    subs    r9, r9, #4  
    bne 1b  
  
4:  mov lr, r10     /* all is OK */  
    mov pc, lr  
  
copy_failed:  
    nop         /* copy from nand failed */  
    b   copy_failed  
  
compare_failed:  
    nop         /* compare failed */  
    b   compare_failed  
  
/* 
 * we assume that cache operation is done before. (eg. cleanup_before_linux()) 
 * actually, we don't need to do anything about cache if not use d-cache in U-Boot 
 * So, in this function we clean only MMU. by scsuh 
 * 
 * void theLastJump(void *kernel, int arch_num, uint boot_params); 
 */  
#ifdef CONFIG_ENABLE_MMU  
    .globl theLastJump  
theLastJump:  
    mov r9, r0  
    ldr r3, =0xfff00000  
    ldr r4, _TEXT_PHY_BASE  
    adr r5, phy_last_jump  
    bic r5, r5, r3  
    orr r5, r5, r4  
    mov pc, r5  
phy_last_jump:  
    /* 
     * disable MMU stuff 
     */  
    mrc p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0  
    bic r0, r0, #0x00002300 /* clear bits 13, 9:8 (--V- --RS) */  
    bic r0, r0, #0x00000087 /* clear bits 7, 2:0 (B--- -CAM) */  
    orr r0, r0, #0x00000002 /* set bit 2 (A) Align */  
    orr r0, r0, #0x00001000 /* set bit 12 (I) I-Cache */  
    mcr p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0  
  
    mcr p15, 0, r0, c8, c7, 0   /* flush v4 TLB */  
  
    mov r0, #0  
    mov pc, r9  
#endif  

中断处理代码:

/* 
 ************************************************************************* 
 * 
 * Interrupt handling 
 * 
 ************************************************************************* 
 */  
 //中断处理  
@  
@ IRQ stack frame.  
@  
#define S_FRAME_SIZE    72  
  
#define S_OLD_R0    68  
#define S_PSR       64  
#define S_PC        60  
#define S_LR        56  
#define S_SP        52  
  
#define S_IP        48  
#define S_FP        44  
#define S_R10       40  
#define S_R9        36  
#define S_R8        32  
#define S_R7        28  
#define S_R6        24  
#define S_R5        20  
#define S_R4        16  
#define S_R3        12  
#define S_R2        8  
#define S_R1        4  
#define S_R0        0  
  
#define MODE_SVC 0x13  
#define I_BIT    0x80  
  
/* 
 * use bad_save_user_regs for abort/prefetch/undef/swi ... 
 * use irq_save_user_regs / irq_restore_user_regs for IRQ/FIQ handling 
 */  
  
    .macro  bad_save_user_regs  
    sub sp, sp, #S_FRAME_SIZE       @ carve out a frame on current user stack  
    stmia   sp, {r0 - r12}          @ Save user registers (now in svc mode) r0-r12  
  
    ldr r2, _armboot_start  
    sub r2, r2, #(CFG_MALLOC_LEN)  
    sub r2, r2, #(CFG_GBL_DATA_SIZE+8)  @ set base 2 words into abort stack  
    ldmia   r2, {r2 - r3}           @ get values for "aborted" pc and cpsr (into parm regs)  
    add r0, sp, #S_FRAME_SIZE       @ grab pointer to old stack  
  
    add r5, sp, #S_SP  
    mov r1, lr  
    stmia   r5, {r0 - r3}           @ save sp_SVC, lr_SVC, pc, cpsr  
    mov r0, sp              @ save current stack into r0 (param register)  
    .endm  
  
    .macro  irq_save_user_regs  
    sub sp, sp, #S_FRAME_SIZE  
    stmia   sp, {r0 - r12}          @ Calling r0-r12  
    add r8, sp, #S_PC           @ !!!! R8 NEEDS to be saved !!!! a reserved stack spot would be good.  
    stmdb   r8, {sp, lr}^           @ Calling SP, LR  
    str lr, [r8, #0]            @ Save calling PC  
    mrs r6, spsr  
    str r6, [r8, #4]            @ Save CPSR  
    str r0, [r8, #8]            @ Save OLD_R0  
    mov r0, sp  
    .endm  
  
    .macro  irq_restore_user_regs  
    ldmia   sp, {r0 - lr}^          @ Calling r0 - lr  
    mov r0, r0  
    ldr lr, [sp, #S_PC]         @ Get PC  
    add sp, sp, #S_FRAME_SIZE  
    subs    pc, lr, #4          @ return & move spsr_svc into cpsr  
    .endm  
  
    .macro get_bad_stack  
    ldr r13, _armboot_start     @ setup our mode stack (enter in banked mode)  
    sub r13, r13, #(CFG_MALLOC_LEN) @ move past malloc pool  
    sub r13, r13, #(CFG_GBL_DATA_SIZE+8) @ move to reserved a couple spots for abort stack  
  
    str lr, [r13]           @ save caller lr in position 0 of saved stack  
    mrs lr, spsr            @ get the spsr  
    str lr, [r13, #4]           @ save spsr in position 1 of saved stack  
  
    mov r13, #MODE_SVC          @ prepare SVC-Mode  
    @ msr   spsr_c, r13  
    msr spsr, r13           @ switch modes, make sure moves will execute  
    mov lr, pc              @ capture return pc  
    movs    pc, lr              @ jump to next instruction & switch modes.  
    .endm  
  
    .macro get_bad_stack_swi  
    sub r13, r13, #4            @ space on current stack for scratch reg.  
    str r0, [r13]           @ save R0's value.  
    ldr r0, _armboot_start      @ get data regions start  
    sub r0, r0, #(CFG_MALLOC_LEN)   @ move past malloc pool  
    sub r0, r0, #(CFG_GBL_DATA_SIZE+8)  @ move past gbl and a couple spots for abort stack  
    str lr, [r0]            @ save caller lr in position 0 of saved stack  
    mrs r0, spsr            @ get the spsr  
    str lr, [r0, #4]            @ save spsr in position 1 of saved stack  
    ldr r0, [r13]           @ restore r0  
    add r13, r13, #4            @ pop stack entry  
    .endm  
  
    .macro get_irq_stack            @ setup IRQ stack  
    ldr sp, IRQ_STACK_START  
    .endm  
  
    .macro get_fiq_stack            @ setup FIQ stack  
    ldr sp, FIQ_STACK_START  
    .endm  
  
/* 
 * exception handlers 
 */  
 //几种工作模式  
    .align  5  
undefined_instruction:  
    get_bad_stack  
    bad_save_user_regs  
    bl  do_undefined_instruction  
  
    .align  5  
software_interrupt:  
    get_bad_stack_swi  
    bad_save_user_regs  
    bl  do_software_interrupt  
  
    .align  5  
prefetch_abort:  
    get_bad_stack  
    bad_save_user_regs  
    bl  do_prefetch_abort  
  
    .align  5  
data_abort:  
    get_bad_stack  
    bad_save_user_regs  
    bl  do_data_abort  
  
    .align  5  
not_used:  
    get_bad_stack  
    bad_save_user_regs  
    bl  do_not_used  
  
#ifdef CONFIG_USE_IRQ  
  
    .align  5  
irq:  
    get_irq_stack  
    irq_save_user_regs  
    bl  do_irq  
    irq_restore_user_regs  
  
    .align  5  
fiq:  
    get_fiq_stack  
    /* someone ought to write a more effiction fiq_save_user_regs */  
    irq_save_user_regs  
    bl  do_fiq  
    irq_restore_user_regs  
  
#else  
  
    .align  5  
irq:  
    get_bad_stack  
    bad_save_user_regs  
    bl  do_irq  
  
    .align  5  
fiq:  
    get_bad_stack  
    bad_save_user_regs  
    bl  do_fiq  
  
#endif  
    .align 5  
.global arm1136_cache_flush  
arm1136_cache_flush:  
        mcr p15, 0, r1, c7, c5, 0   @ invalidate I cache  
        mov pc, lr          @ back to caller  
  
#if defined(CONFIG_INTEGRATOR) && defined(CONFIG_ARCH_CINTEGRATOR)  
/* Use the IntegratorCP function from board/integratorcp/platform.S */  
#elif defined(CONFIG_S3C64XX)  
/* For future usage of S3C64XX*/  
#else  
    .align  5  
.globl reset_cpu  
reset_cpu:  
    ldr r1, rstctl  /* get addr for global reset reg */  
    mov r3, #0x2    /* full reset pll+mpu */  
    str r3, [r1]    /* force reset */  
    mov r0, r0  
_loop_forever:  
    b   _loop_forever  
rstctl:  
    .word   PM_RSTCTRL_WKUP  
  
#endif

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