用过JSP编程的人都应该知道有个叫filter的东西。 过滤器非常有用,经常用于对字符编程的过滤,也可用于对请求进行统一验证等等。它的过程不难理解,感觉无非是拦截了请求,过滤后再传给其它filter或servlet又或jsp页面。具体理解起来,还挺多东西的。
刚看了《J2EE核心模式》(j2ee core pattern)过滤器,觉得有些东西需要弄明白,就写了个模拟程序。
import
java.util.
*
;
class Test ... {
public static void main(String[] args) ...{
Filter[] filters = new Filter[2];
filters[0] = new AddGoodFilter();
filters[1] = new AddBadFilter();
Target target = new Target();
FilterManager fm = new FilterManager();
fm.addFilter(filters[0]);
fm.addFilter(filters[1]);
fm.setTarget(target);
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
sb.append("After filter : ");
new Client(fm).request(sb);
}
}
class Client ... {
private FilterManager manager;
public Client(FilterManager manager) ...{
this.manager = manager;
}
public void request(StringBuffer sb) ...{
System.out.println(manager.request(sb));
}
}
class FilterManager ... {
private Target target;
private ArrayList<Filter> filters = new ArrayList<Filter>();
public void setTarget(Target target) ...{
this.target = target;
}
public void addFilter(Filter filter) ...{
filters.add(filter);
}
public StringBuffer request(StringBuffer sb) ...{
sb.append(" filter begin: ");
for (Iterator<Filter> it = filters.iterator(); it.hasNext();) ...{
it.next().doFilter(sb);
}
sb.append(" toTarget: ");
return target.request(sb);
}
}
interface Filter ... {
public void doFilter(StringBuffer sb);
}
class AddGoodFilter implements Filter ... {
public void doFilter(StringBuffer sb) ...{
sb.append("-good");
}
}
class AddBadFilter implements Filter ... {
public void doFilter(StringBuffer sb) ...{
sb.append("-bad");
}
}
class Target ... {
public StringBuffer request(StringBuffer sb) ...{
sb.append("-target");
return sb;
}
}
class Test ... {
public static void main(String[] args) ...{
Filter[] filters = new Filter[2];
filters[0] = new AddGoodFilter();
filters[1] = new AddBadFilter();
Target target = new Target();
FilterManager fm = new FilterManager();
fm.addFilter(filters[0]);
fm.addFilter(filters[1]);
fm.setTarget(target);
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
sb.append("After filter : ");
new Client(fm).request(sb);
}
}
class Client ... {
private FilterManager manager;
public Client(FilterManager manager) ...{
this.manager = manager;
}
public void request(StringBuffer sb) ...{
System.out.println(manager.request(sb));
}
}
class FilterManager ... {
private Target target;
private ArrayList<Filter> filters = new ArrayList<Filter>();
public void setTarget(Target target) ...{
this.target = target;
}
public void addFilter(Filter filter) ...{
filters.add(filter);
}
public StringBuffer request(StringBuffer sb) ...{
sb.append(" filter begin: ");
for (Iterator<Filter> it = filters.iterator(); it.hasNext();) ...{
it.next().doFilter(sb);
}
sb.append(" toTarget: ");
return target.request(sb);
}
}
interface Filter ... {
public void doFilter(StringBuffer sb);
}
class AddGoodFilter implements Filter ... {
public void doFilter(StringBuffer sb) ...{
sb.append("-good");
}
}
class AddBadFilter implements Filter ... {
public void doFilter(StringBuffer sb) ...{
sb.append("-bad");
}
}
class Target ... {
public StringBuffer request(StringBuffer sb) ...{
sb.append("-target");
return sb;
}
}
从执行结果可以看到,目标类(Target)只向请求里添加 "-target" 字符串,结果因为经过了过滤器,返回就不只是"-target" 字符串。
以上的实现参照了《J2EE核心模式》书中的示例代码。写完了,运行模拟了一下,觉得效果有点像,虽然离真正标准的过滤器还差得远。所以我决定去查看下JSP的源码,结果失望而归。因为Filter接口的代码只有这么几行。
public
interface
Filter
...
{
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException;
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException,ServletException;
public void destroy();
}
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException;
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException,ServletException;
public void destroy();
}
从这几行代码能看出什么来吗?我看不出名堂来,只知道接口是定义操作,真正的具体的实现工作让容器(比如Tomcat)做了。那可能要去看Tomcat的源码才能完全了解 Filter。算了,不理它。
听说过滤器的实现是使用责任链模式来实现的。于是我再写一个模拟程序,大概用到了责任链模式(因为不熟,只能写个样子)。
import java.util. * ;
// 测试
class Test ... {
public static void main(String[] args) ...{
Filter[] filters = new Filter[2];
filters[0] = new AddGoodFilter();
filters[1] = new AddBadFilter();
Target target = new Target();
FilterManager fm = new FilterManager();
fm.setFirstFilter(filters[1]);
filters[1].setNextFilter(filters[0]);
fm.setTarget(target);
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
sb.append("After filter : ");
new Client(fm).request(sb);
}
}
// 客户请求
class Client ... {
private FilterManager manager;
public Client(FilterManager manager) ...{
this.manager = manager;
}
public void request(StringBuffer sb) ...{
System.out.println(manager.request(sb));
}
}
// 过滤器管理类
class FilterManager ... {
private Target target;
private Filter filter;
public void setTarget(Target target) ...{
this.target = target;
}
public void setFirstFilter(Filter filter) ...{
this.filter=filter;
}
public StringBuffer request(StringBuffer sb) ...{
sb.append(" filter begin: ");
filter.doFilter(sb);
sb.append(" toTarget: ");
return target.request(sb);
}
}
// 过滤器接口
interface Filter ... {
public void doFilter(StringBuffer sb);
public void setNextFilter(Filter filter);
}
//
class AddGoodFilter implements Filter ... {
private Filter filter;
public void setNextFilter(Filter filter)
...{
this.filter=filter;
}
public void doFilter(StringBuffer sb) ...{
sb.append("-good");
if(filter!=null)filter.doFilter(sb);
}
}
//
class AddBadFilter implements Filter ... {
private Filter filter;
public void setNextFilter(Filter filter)
...{
this.filter=filter;
}
public void doFilter(StringBuffer sb) ...{
sb.append("-bad");
if(filter!=null)filter.doFilter(sb);
}
}
// 请求目标类
class Target ... {
public StringBuffer request(StringBuffer sb) ...{
sb.append("-target");
return sb;
}
}
目前对过滤器的理解就只能到这里了。以后有空再去学习学习下。