原文地址:https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/LanguageManual+LateralView#
lateral view用于和split, explode等UDTF一起使用,它能够将一列数据拆成多行数据,在此基础上可以对拆分后的数据进行聚合。
一个简单的例子,假设我们有一张表pageAds,它有两列数据,第一列是pageid string,第二列是adid_list,即用逗号分隔的广告ID集合:
string pageid | Array<int> adid_list |
"front_page" | [1, 2, 3] |
"contact_page" | [3, 4, 5] |
要统计所有广告ID在所有页面中出现的次数。
首先分拆广告ID:
SELECT pageid, adid
FROM pageAds LATERAL VIEW explode(adid_list) adTable AS adid;
执行结果如下:
string pageid | int adid |
"front_page" | 1 |
"front_page" | 2 |
"front_page" | 3 |
"contact_page" | 3 |
"contact_page" | 4 |
"contact_page" | 5 |
接下来就是一个聚合的统计:
SELECT adid, count(1) FROM pageAds LATERAL VIEW explode(adid_list) adTable AS adid GROUP BY adid; 执行结果如下:
多个lateral view语句: 一个FROM语句后可以跟多个lateral view语句,后面的lateral view语句能够引用它前面的所有表和列名。 以下面的表为例:
int adid count(1) 1 1 2 1 3 2 4 1 5 1
Array<int> col1 Array<string> col2 [1, 2] [a", "b", "c"] [3, 4] [d", "e", "f"] 的执行结果为:SELECT myCol1, col2 FROM baseTable LATERAL VIEW explode(col1) myTable1 AS myCol1;
int mycol1 | Array<string> col2 |
1 | [a", "b", "c"] |
2 | [a", "b", "c"] |
3 | [d", "e", "f"] |
4 | [d", "e", "f"] |
加上一个lateral view:
SELECT myCol1, myCol2 FROM baseTable
LATERAL VIEW explode(col1) myTable1 AS myCol1
LATERAL VIEW explode(col2) myTable2 AS myCol2;
它的执行结果为:
int myCol1 | string myCol2 |
1 | "a" |
1 | "b" |
1 | "c" |
2 | "a" |
2 | "b" |
2 | "c" |
3 | "d" |
3 | "e" |
3 | "f" |
4 | "d" |
4 | "e" |
4 | "f" |
注意上面语句中,两个lateral view按照出现的次序被执行。