some basic knowledge

Some basic knowledge:

1. list

typedef struct list_head 

{

    struct list_head *pre, next;

}LIST_HEAD;

2. offset

#define offset(type, member) \

  (size_t)&((type *)0->member)

2. 

#define containof(list_entry, type, member) \

   (type *)((char *)(list_entry)-offset(type, member))

3. attribute

__attribute__ ((packed)) -- use least space

__attribute__ ((aligned(8))  -- address aligned to 8

__attribute__ ((noreturn))  -- no check return value when error occurs