《Python编程：从入门到实践》_7章：用户输入和while循环

【汇总】：https://blog.csdn.net/wistonty11/article/details/121348048
【2章：变量和简单数据类型】：https://blog.csdn.net/wistonty11/article/details/114553239
【3章：列表简介】：https://blog.csdn.net/wistonty11/article/details/114673314
【4章：列表操作】：https://blog.csdn.net/wistonty11/article/details/114684679
【5章：if语句】：https://blog.csdn.net/wistonty11/article/details/114932777
【6章：字典】https://blog.csdn.net/wistonty11/article/details/117432520
【7章：用户输入和while循环】：https://blog.csdn.net/wistonty11/article/details/117437656
【8章：函数】：https://blog.csdn.net/wistonty11/article/details/117448978
【9章：类】：https://blog.csdn.net/wistonty11/article/details/117521111

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7.1 函数input()

7.1.1 短句输入

message = input("Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you: ") 
print(message)

Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you: 杨鸽加油！
杨鸽加油！

• 引号里面是弹到显示器上的，而你输入的是要赋值给message

7.1.2 长句输入

prompt = "If you tell us who you are, we can personalize the messages you see." 
prompt += "\nWhat is your first name? " 

name = input(prompt) 
print("\nHello, " + name + "!")

If you tell us who you are, we can personalize the messages you see.
What is your first name? 杨

Hello, 杨!

• 当你想弹到显示器上的话很长时，可用次方法。
• 前半句 存储在变量prompt，在第二行中**+=**在已经存储的prompt再加一段字符串

7.1.3 多个数值输入（补充）

用map( ) ，input( ) 可以实现

• map()

map()函数接收两个参数，一个是函数，一个是序列，map将传入的函数依次作用到序列的每个元素，并把结果作为新的list返回。

a,b =map(int,input('输入a,b空格隔开:').split())
#此时a,b为int型
print("a = ", a,type(a))
print("b = ", b,type(b))

输入a,b空格隔开:2 4
a =  2 <class 'int'>
b =  4 <class 'int'>

• input( )

a,b =input('输入a,b空格隔开:').split()
#此时a,b为str型
print("a = ", a, type(a))
print("b = ", b, type(b))

输入a,b空格隔开:2 4
a =  2 <class 'str'>
b =  4 <class 'str'>

对比可得知：

① map 输出类型是自己定的，比如我们输入a,b时规定的是 int，input 默认为str

② 这里是以空格为分节符，遇到所有的空格都分开

• split()

用 split( )：拆分字符串。通过指定分隔符对字符串进行切片，并返回分割后的字符串列表（list）

函数接收两个参数，一个是分隔符，一个是序列：

① str – 分隔符，默认为所有的空字符，包括空格、换行(\n)、制表符(\t)等。

② num – 分割次数。默认为 -1, 即分隔所有。如果参数 num 有指定值，则分隔 num+1 个子字符串

txt = "Google#Runoob#Taobao#Facebook"
 
# 第二个参数为 1，返回两个参数列表
x = txt.split("#", 1)
 
print (x)

['Google', 'Runoob#Taobao#Facebook']

• #号是分词符

• 分割次数是num+1, 本示例是要分成两个参数列表，那么只把遇到的第一个分开 就够了。

7.2 while循环

7.2.1 满足运行条件循环

current_number = 1 

while current_number <= 5: 
    print(current_number) 
    current_number += 1
    

1
2
3
4
5

• 运行条件 ： current_number $\le$ 5

• 开始是1， 进入循环，print后 变量为2 继续循环；

• 直到print(5)后 ＋1 ：current_number = 6 不满足循环跳出

prompt = "\nTell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:" 
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the program. "

active = True 

while active: 
    message = input(prompt) 
    
    if message == 'quit':
        active = False 
    else:
        print(message)

Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:
Enter 'quit' to end the program. hello
hello

Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:
Enter 'quit' to end the program. 杨鸽
杨鸽

Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:
Enter 'quit' to end the program. quit

• 做了把“钥匙”：active

• 当输入：message特定：quit词时，钥匙失败退出循环

• 其余时候继续循环

7.2.2 用break退出循环

break: 结束循环

prompt = "\nTell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:" 
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the program. "

active = True 

while active: 
    message = input(prompt) 
    
    if message == 'quit':
        break #!!!!!!!
    else:
        print(message)

Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:
Enter 'quit' to end the program. hello
hello

Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:
Enter 'quit' to end the program. 杨鸽
杨鸽

Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:
Enter 'quit' to end the program. quit

for循环也可以用break,也是直接退出循环。

7.2.3 用continue退出循环

continue:退出本次循环，开始下次循环

current_number = 0 
while current_number < 10:
    current_number += 1 
    if current_number % 2 == 0: 
        continue 
    print(current_number)

1
3
5
7
9

• current_number 是 0 到10 之间（整数），进入循环

• 除2 没有余数，那么continue，结束本次循环

• 除2 有余数，那么输出这个数

• 这个实验其实做的就是输出奇数

7.3 使用while循环来处理列表和字典

7.3.1 在列表之间

unconfirmed_users = ['alice', 'brian', 'candace']

while unconfirmed_users:
    print(unconfirmed_users)
    unconfirmed_users.pop()
    

['alice', 'brian', 'candace']
['alice', 'brian']
['alice']

• pop()从末尾弹出，while循环条件：列表非空；空了就结束了

7.3.2 删除特定的所有列表元素

pets = ['dog', 'cat', 'dog', 'goldfish', 'cat', 'rabbit', 'cat'] 
print(pets)
print("\n")

while 'cat' in pets: 
    pets.remove('cat') 
    print(pets)

['dog', 'cat', 'dog', 'goldfish', 'cat', 'rabbit', 'cat']


['dog', 'dog', 'goldfish', 'cat', 'rabbit', 'cat']
['dog', 'dog', 'goldfish', 'rabbit', 'cat']
['dog', 'dog', 'goldfish', 'rabbit']

• remove()函数可以去掉某个特定的值，但只能去掉第一个遇见的；
• 用while循环去，把列表中所有重复的cat都去掉

7.3.2 使用用户输入来填充字典

responses = {} 
polling_active = True 


while polling_active: 
    # 提示输入被调查者的名字和回答 
    name = input("\nWhat is your name? ") 
    response = input("Which mountain would you like to climb someday? ") 
   

    # 将答卷存储在字典中 
    responses[name] = response 
    
    # 看看是否还有人要参与调查
    repeat = input("Would you like to let another person respond? (yes/ no) ") 
    if repeat == 'no': 
        polling_active = False   
        # 调查结束，显示结果 
    print("\n--- Poll Results ---") 
    for name, response in responses.items(): 
        print(name + " would like to climb " + response + ".")

What is your name? 杨鸽
Which mountain would you like to climb someday? 泰山
Would you like to let another person respond? (yes/ no) yes

--- Poll Results ---
杨鸽 would like to climb 泰山.

What is your name? 王尼玛
Which mountain would you like to climb someday? 嵩山
Would you like to let another person respond? (yes/ no) no

--- Poll Results ---
杨鸽 would like to climb 泰山.
王尼玛 would like to climb 嵩山.

• 创建了个空字典：responses = {}

• 字典的key:namel;value:response

• 字典名字[key] = value 写入字典

• 用polling_active这个变量控制是否要继续循环