六月：手动学数据分析(task02)

复习： 在前面我们已经学习了Pandas基础，第二章我们开始进入数据分析的业务部分，在第二章第一节的内容中，我们学习了数据的清洗，这一部分十分重要，只有数据变得相对干净，我们之后对数据的分析才可以更有力。而这一节，我们要做的是数据重构，数据重构依旧属于数据理解（准备）的范围。

# Time: 2021-06-16
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【task 02】数据清洗和特征处理

<--------感谢评论区指正，内容已更新!--------->

第二章：数据清洗和特征处理

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

2.1 数据的合并

2.1.1 任务一：载入四份被分割的数据

将data文件夹里面的所有数据都载入，我们看到四分数据，是将上一讲完整数据行、列进行了切割：

• left_up：左上部分
• left_down：左下部分
• right-up：右上部分
• right_down：右下部分

text_left_up = pd.read_csv("data/train-left-up.csv")
text_left_down = pd.read_csv("data/train-left-down.csv")
text_right_up = pd.read_csv("data/train-right-up.csv")
text_right_down = pd.read_csv("data/train-right-down.csv")

text_left_up.head()

	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name
0	1	0	3	Braund, Mr. Owen Harris
1	2	1	1	Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...
2	3	1	3	Heikkinen, Miss. Laina
3	4	1	1	Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel)
4	5	0	3	Allen, Mr. William Henry

• 【乘客ID】【是否幸存】【舱位等级】【名字】

text_left_down.head()

	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name
0	440	0	2	Kvillner, Mr. Johan Henrik Johannesson
1	441	1	2	Hart, Mrs. Benjamin (Esther Ada Bloomfield)
2	442	0	3	Hampe, Mr. Leon
3	443	0	3	Petterson, Mr. Johan Emil
4	444	1	2	Reynaldo, Ms. Encarnacion

• 【乘客ID】【是否幸存】【舱位等级】【名字】

text_right_down.head()

	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
0	male	31.0	0	0	C.A. 18723	10.500	NaN	S
1	female	45.0	1	1	F.C.C. 13529	26.250	NaN	S
2	male	20.0	0	0	345769	9.500	NaN	S
3	male	25.0	1	0	347076	7.775	NaN	S
4	female	28.0	0	0	230434	13.000	NaN	S

• 【性别】【年龄】【兄弟姐妹个数】【父母孩子个数】【船票信息】【票价】【船舱】【登船口】

text_right_up.head()

	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
0	male	22.0	1	0	A/5 21171	7.2500	NaN	S
1	female	38.0	1	0	PC 17599	71.2833	C85	C
2	female	26.0	0	0	STON/O2. 3101282	7.9250	NaN	S
3	female	35.0	1	0	113803	53.1000	C123	S
4	male	35.0	0	0	373450	8.0500	NaN	S

• 【性别】【年龄】【兄弟姐妹个数】【父母孩子个数】【船票信息】【票价】【船舱】【登船口】

2.1.2 任务二：使用concat方法，合并两CSV文件

• pd.concat()

import pandas as pd
pd.concat(object,axis=0,join='outer',join_axes=None,ignore_index=False,keys=None,levels=None,names=None,verify_integrity=False)

参数含义

• objs：Series，DataFrame或Panel对象的序列或映射。如果传递了dict，则排序的键将用作键参数，除非它被传递，在这种情况下，将选择值（见下文）。任何无对象将被静默删除，除非它们都是无，在这种情况下将引发一个ValueError。
• axis：{0,1，…}，默认为0。0是行，1是列。
• join：{‘inner’，‘outer’}，默认为“outer”。如何处理其他轴上的索引。outer为联合和inner为交集。
• ignore_index：boolean，default False。如果为True，请不要使用并置轴上的索引值。结果轴将被标记为0，…，n-1。如果要连接其中并置轴没有有意义的索引信息的对象，这将非常有用。注意，其他轴上的索引值在连接中仍然受到尊重。
• join_axes：Index对象列表。用于其他n-1轴的特定索引，而不是执行内部/外部设置逻辑。
• keys：序列，默认值无。使用传递的键作为最外层构建层次索引。如果为多索引，应该使用元组。
• levels：序列列表，默认值无。用于构建MultiIndex的特定级别（唯一值）。否则，它们将从键推断。
• names：list，default无。结果层次索引中的级别的名称。
• verify_integrity：boolean，default False。检查新连接的轴是否包含重复项。这相对于实际的数据串联可能是非常昂贵的。
• copy：boolean，default True。如果为False，请勿不必要地复制数据。

【默认形式】
默认形式是改行，列对齐

frames = [df1, df2, df3] #DF型
result = pd.concat(frames) #默认是0 需要合并是行

【用KEY来区分不同表的来源】

result=pd.concat(frames,keys=['x','y','z'])

【列上的合并，axis=1】

result = pd.concat([df1, df4], axis=1)

• 默认join = ‘outer’,为取并集的关系，有相同索引的连接【如图行索引2.3】，确实的NaN

【列上合并，内联join='inner’取交】

result = pd.concat([df1, df4], axis=1, join='inner')

【join_axes】

如果是join_axes的参数传入，可以指定根据那个轴来对齐数据

result=pd.concat([df1,df4],axis=1,join_axes=[df1.index])

• 列合并，以df1的索引为轴，将df4与其连接，缺失的用NaN

---

【任务要求】将数据train-left-up.csv和train-right-up.csv横向合并为一张表，并保存这张表为result_up

list_up = [text_left_up,text_right_up]
result_up = pd.concat(list_up,axis=1)
result_up

	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
0	1	0	3	Braund, Mr. Owen Harris	male	22.0	1	0	A/5 21171	7.2500	NaN	S
1	2	1	1	Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...	female	38.0	1	0	PC 17599	71.2833	C85	C
2	3	1	3	Heikkinen, Miss. Laina	female	26.0	0	0	STON/O2. 3101282	7.9250	NaN	S
3	4	1	1	Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel)	female	35.0	1	0	113803	53.1000	C123	S
4	5	0	3	Allen, Mr. William Henry	male	35.0	0	0	373450	8.0500	NaN	S
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
434	435	0	1	Silvey, Mr. William Baird	male	50.0	1	0	13507	55.9000	E44	S
435	436	1	1	Carter, Miss. Lucile Polk	female	14.0	1	2	113760	120.0000	B96 B98	S
436	437	0	3	Ford, Miss. Doolina Margaret "Daisy"	female	21.0	2	2	W./C. 6608	34.3750	NaN	S
437	438	1	2	Richards, Mrs. Sidney (Emily Hocking)	female	24.0	2	3	29106	18.7500	NaN	S
438	439	0	1	Fortune, Mr. Mark	male	64.0	1	4	19950	263.0000	C23 C25 C27	S

439 rows × 12 columns

• 现将表构成list，然后在作为concat的输入

2.1.3 任务三：使用concat方法，两表纵向合并

使用concat方法：将train-left-down和train-right-down横向合并为一张表，并保存这张表为result_down。然后将上边的result_up和result_down纵向合并为result。

list_down=[text_left_down,text_right_down]
result_down = pd.concat(list_down,axis=1)
result_down

	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
0	440	0	2	Kvillner, Mr. Johan Henrik Johannesson	male	31.0	0	0	C.A. 18723	10.500	NaN	S
1	441	1	2	Hart, Mrs. Benjamin (Esther Ada Bloomfield)	female	45.0	1	1	F.C.C. 13529	26.250	NaN	S
2	442	0	3	Hampe, Mr. Leon	male	20.0	0	0	345769	9.500	NaN	S
3	443	0	3	Petterson, Mr. Johan Emil	male	25.0	1	0	347076	7.775	NaN	S
4	444	1	2	Reynaldo, Ms. Encarnacion	female	28.0	0	0	230434	13.000	NaN	S
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
447	887	0	2	Montvila, Rev. Juozas	male	27.0	0	0	211536	13.000	NaN	S
448	888	1	1	Graham, Miss. Margaret Edith	female	19.0	0	0	112053	30.000	B42	S
449	889	0	3	Johnston, Miss. Catherine Helen "Carrie"	female	NaN	1	2	W./C. 6607	23.450	NaN	S
450	890	1	1	Behr, Mr. Karl Howell	male	26.0	0	0	111369	30.000	C148	C
451	891	0	3	Dooley, Mr. Patrick	male	32.0	0	0	370376	7.750	NaN	Q

452 rows × 12 columns

result = pd.concat([result_up,result_down])
result

	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
0	1	0	3	Braund, Mr. Owen Harris	male	22.0	1	0	A/5 21171	7.2500	NaN	S
1	2	1	1	Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...	female	38.0	1	0	PC 17599	71.2833	C85	C
2	3	1	3	Heikkinen, Miss. Laina	female	26.0	0	0	STON/O2. 3101282	7.9250	NaN	S
3	4	1	1	Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel)	female	35.0	1	0	113803	53.1000	C123	S
4	5	0	3	Allen, Mr. William Henry	male	35.0	0	0	373450	8.0500	NaN	S
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
447	887	0	2	Montvila, Rev. Juozas	male	27.0	0	0	211536	13.0000	NaN	S
448	888	1	1	Graham, Miss. Margaret Edith	female	19.0	0	0	112053	30.0000	B42	S
449	889	0	3	Johnston, Miss. Catherine Helen "Carrie"	female	NaN	1	2	W./C. 6607	23.4500	NaN	S
450	890	1	1	Behr, Mr. Karl Howell	male	26.0	0	0	111369	30.0000	C148	C
451	891	0	3	Dooley, Mr. Patrick	male	32.0	0	0	370376	7.7500	NaN	Q

891 rows × 12 columns

result.loc[1].head()

	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
1	2	1	1	Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...	female	38.0	1	0	PC 17599	71.2833	C85	C
1	441	1	2	Hart, Mrs. Benjamin (Esther Ada Bloomfield)	female	45.0	1	1	F.C.C. 13529	26.2500	NaN	S

• 我们会发现 表是拼起来了 但是第一列索引是乱的

【解决】用到了drop

• drop=True就是把原来的索引index列去掉，重置index。

• drop=False就是保留原来的索引，添加重置的index。

result_1 = pd.concat([result_up,result_down]).reset_index(drop = True)
result_1

	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
0	1	0	3	Braund, Mr. Owen Harris	male	22.0	1	0	A/5 21171	7.2500	NaN	S
1	2	1	1	Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...	female	38.0	1	0	PC 17599	71.2833	C85	C
2	3	1	3	Heikkinen, Miss. Laina	female	26.0	0	0	STON/O2. 3101282	7.9250	NaN	S
3	4	1	1	Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel)	female	35.0	1	0	113803	53.1000	C123	S
4	5	0	3	Allen, Mr. William Henry	male	35.0	0	0	373450	8.0500	NaN	S
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
886	887	0	2	Montvila, Rev. Juozas	male	27.0	0	0	211536	13.0000	NaN	S
887	888	1	1	Graham, Miss. Margaret Edith	female	19.0	0	0	112053	30.0000	B42	S
888	889	0	3	Johnston, Miss. Catherine Helen "Carrie"	female	NaN	1	2	W./C. 6607	23.4500	NaN	S
889	890	1	1	Behr, Mr. Karl Howell	male	26.0	0	0	111369	30.0000	C148	C
890	891	0	3	Dooley, Mr. Patrick	male	32.0	0	0	370376	7.7500	NaN	Q

891 rows × 12 columns

2.1.4 任务四：join方法和append：完成任务二和任务三

resul_up = text_left_up.join(text_right_up)
resul_up

	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
0	1	0	3	Braund, Mr. Owen Harris	male	22.0	1	0	A/5 21171	7.2500	NaN	S
1	2	1	1	Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...	female	38.0	1	0	PC 17599	71.2833	C85	C
2	3	1	3	Heikkinen, Miss. Laina	female	26.0	0	0	STON/O2. 3101282	7.9250	NaN	S
3	4	1	1	Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel)	female	35.0	1	0	113803	53.1000	C123	S
4	5	0	3	Allen, Mr. William Henry	male	35.0	0	0	373450	8.0500	NaN	S
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
434	435	0	1	Silvey, Mr. William Baird	male	50.0	1	0	13507	55.9000	E44	S
435	436	1	1	Carter, Miss. Lucile Polk	female	14.0	1	2	113760	120.0000	B96 B98	S
436	437	0	3	Ford, Miss. Doolina Margaret "Daisy"	female	21.0	2	2	W./C. 6608	34.3750	NaN	S
437	438	1	2	Richards, Mrs. Sidney (Emily Hocking)	female	24.0	2	3	29106	18.7500	NaN	S
438	439	0	1	Fortune, Mr. Mark	male	64.0	1	4	19950	263.0000	C23 C25 C27	S

439 rows × 12 columns

result_down = text_left_down.join(text_right_down)
result = result_up.append(result_down)
result

	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
0	1	0	3	Braund, Mr. Owen Harris	male	22.0	1	0	A/5 21171	7.2500	NaN	S
1	2	1	1	Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...	female	38.0	1	0	PC 17599	71.2833	C85	C
2	3	1	3	Heikkinen, Miss. Laina	female	26.0	0	0	STON/O2. 3101282	7.9250	NaN	S
3	4	1	1	Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel)	female	35.0	1	0	113803	53.1000	C123	S
4	5	0	3	Allen, Mr. William Henry	male	35.0	0	0	373450	8.0500	NaN	S
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
447	887	0	2	Montvila, Rev. Juozas	male	27.0	0	0	211536	13.0000	NaN	S
448	888	1	1	Graham, Miss. Margaret Edith	female	19.0	0	0	112053	30.0000	B42	S
449	889	0	3	Johnston, Miss. Catherine Helen "Carrie"	female	NaN	1	2	W./C. 6607	23.4500	NaN	S
450	890	1	1	Behr, Mr. Karl Howell	male	26.0	0	0	111369	30.0000	C148	C
451	891	0	3	Dooley, Mr. Patrick	male	32.0	0	0	370376	7.7500	NaN	Q

891 rows × 12 columns

2.1.5 任务五：使用pd.merge和append方法：完成任务二和任务三的任务

• pd.merge()

以index为链接键,需要同时设置left_index= True 和 right_index= True，或者left_index设置的同时，right_on指定某个Key。总的来说就是需要指定left、right链接的键，可以同时是key、index或者混合使用。

result_up = pd.merge(text_left_up,text_right_up,left_index=True,right_index=True)
result_down = pd.merge(text_left_down,text_right_down,left_index=True,right_index=True)
result = result_up.append(result_down)
result

	PassengerId	Survived	Pclass	Name	Sex	Age	SibSp	Parch	Ticket	Fare	Cabin	Embarked
0	1	0	3	Braund, Mr. Owen Harris	male	22.0	1	0	A/5 21171	7.2500	NaN	S
1	2	1	1	Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...	female	38.0	1	0	PC 17599	71.2833	C85	C
2	3	1	3	Heikkinen, Miss. Laina	female	26.0	0	0	STON/O2. 3101282	7.9250	NaN	S
3	4	1	1	Futrelle, Mrs. Jacques Heath (Lily May Peel)	female	35.0	1	0	113803	53.1000	C123	S
4	5	0	3	Allen, Mr. William Henry	male	35.0	0	0	373450	8.0500	NaN	S
...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...	...
447	887	0	2	Montvila, Rev. Juozas	male	27.0	0	0	211536	13.0000	NaN	S
448	888	1	1	Graham, Miss. Margaret Edith	female	19.0	0	0	112053	30.0000	B42	S
449	889	0	3	Johnston, Miss. Catherine Helen "Carrie"	female	NaN	1	2	W./C. 6607	23.4500	NaN	S
450	890	1	1	Behr, Mr. Karl Howell	male	26.0	0	0	111369	30.0000	C148	C
451	891	0	3	Dooley, Mr. Patrick	male	32.0	0	0	370376	7.7500	NaN	Q

891 rows × 12 columns

【思考】对比merge、join以及concat的方法的不同以及相同。思考一下在任务四和任务五的情况下，为什么都要求使用DataFrame的append方法，如何只要求使用merge或者join可不可以完成任务四和任务五呢？

2.1.6 任务六：完成的数据保存为result.csv

result.to_csv('result_task02.csv')

2.2 换一种角度看数据

2.2.1 任务一：将我们的数据变为Series类型的数据

# 将完整的数据加载出来
text = pd.read_csv('result_task02.csv')
text.head()
# 代码写在这里
unit_result=text.stack().head(30)
unit_result

0  Unnamed: 0                                                     0
   PassengerId                                                    1
   Survived                                                       0
   Pclass                                                         3
   Name                                     Braund, Mr. Owen Harris
   Sex                                                         male
   Age                                                         22.0
   SibSp                                                          1
   Parch                                                          0
   Ticket                                                 A/5 21171
   Fare                                                        7.25
   Embarked                                                       S
1  Unnamed: 0                                                     1
   PassengerId                                                    2
   Survived                                                       1
   Pclass                                                         1
   Name           Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...
   Sex                                                       female
   Age                                                         38.0
   SibSp                                                          1
   Parch                                                          0
   Ticket                                                  PC 17599
   Fare                                                     71.2833
   Cabin                                                        C85
   Embarked                                                       C
2  Unnamed: 0                                                     2
   PassengerId                                                    3
   Survived                                                       1
   Pclass                                                         3
   Name                                      Heikkinen, Miss. Laina
dtype: object

#将代码保存为unit_result,csv
unit_result.to_csv('unit_result.csv')
test = pd.read_csv('unit_result.csv')
test

	Unnamed: 0	Unnamed: 1	0
0	0	Unnamed: 0	0
1	0	PassengerId	1
2	0	Survived	0
3	0	Pclass	3
4	0	Name	Braund, Mr. Owen Harris
5	0	Sex	male
6	0	Age	22.0
7	0	SibSp	1
8	0	Parch	0
9	0	Ticket	A/5 21171
10	0	Fare	7.25
11	0	Embarked	S
12	1	Unnamed: 0	1
13	1	PassengerId	2
14	1	Survived	1
15	1	Pclass	1
16	1	Name	Cumings, Mrs. John Bradley (Florence Briggs Th...
17	1	Sex	female
18	1	Age	38.0
19	1	SibSp	1

• 这个stack函数是干什么的？

stack是栈的意思 其实就是讲列表传入到栈中，每条记录 收尾相接

函数原型为：stack(arrays, axis=0)，arrays可以传数组和列表。