1、HashMap简介
HashMap 的是一个散列表，它存储的内容是键值对(key-value)映射。
HashMap 继承于AbstractMap，实现了Map、Cloneable、java.io.Serializable接口。
HashMap 的实现不是同步的，这意味着它不是线程安全的。它的key、value都可以为null。此外，HashMap中的映射不是有序的。
1.2 构造函数
HashMap()
构造一个空的 HashMap ，默认初始容量（16）和默认负载系数（0.75）。
HashMap(int initialCapacity)
构造一个空的 HashMap具有指定的初始容量和默认负载因子（0.75）。
HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor)
构造一个空的 HashMap具有指定的初始容量和负载因子。
HashMap(Map<? extends K,? extends V> m)
构造一个新的 HashMap与指定的相同的映射 Map 。1.3 API
void clear()
从这张地图中删除所有的映射。
Object clone()
返回此 HashMap实例的浅拷贝：键和值本身不被克隆。
V compute(K key, BiFunction<? super K,? super V,? extends V> remappingFunction)
尝试计算用于指定键和其当前映射的值的映射（或 null如果没有当前映射）。
V computeIfAbsent(K key, Function<? super K,? extends V> mappingFunction)
如果指定的键尚未与值相关联（或映射到 null ），则尝试使用给定的映射函数计算其值，并将其输入到此映射中，除非 null 。
V computeIfPresent(K key, BiFunction<? super K,? super V,? extends V> remappingFunction)
如果指定的密钥的值存在且非空，则尝试计算给定密钥及其当前映射值的新映射。
boolean containsKey(Object key)
如果此映射包含指定键的映射，则返回 true 。
boolean containsValue(Object value)
如果此地图将一个或多个键映射到指定值，则返回 true 。
Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet()
返回此地图中包含的映射的Set视图。
void forEach(BiConsumer<? super K,? super V> action)
对此映射中的每个条目执行给定的操作，直到所有条目都被处理或操作引发异常。
V get(Object key)
返回到指定键所映射的值，或 null如果此映射包含该键的映射。
V getOrDefault(Object key, V defaultValue)
返回到指定键所映射的值，或 defaultValue如果此映射包含该键的映射。
boolean isEmpty()
如果此地图不包含键值映射，则返回 true 。
Set<K> keySet()
返回此地图中包含的键的Set视图。
V merge(K key, V value, BiFunction<? super V,? super V,? extends V> remappingFunction)
如果指定的键尚未与值相关联或与null相关联，则将其与给定的非空值相关联。
V put(K key, V value)
将指定的值与此映射中的指定键相关联。
void putAll(Map<? extends K,? extends V> m)
将指定地图的所有映射复制到此地图。
V putIfAbsent(K key, V value)
如果指定的键尚未与某个值相关联（或映射到 null ），则将其与给定值相关联并返回 null ，否则返回当前值。
V remove(Object key)
从该地图中删除指定键的映射（如果存在）。
boolean remove(Object key, Object value)
仅当指定的密钥当前映射到指定的值时删除该条目。
V replace(K key, V value)
只有当目标映射到某个值时，才能替换指定键的条目。
boolean replace(K key, V oldValue, V newValue)
仅当当前映射到指定的值时，才能替换指定键的条目。
void replaceAll(BiFunction<? super K,? super V,? extends V> function)
将每个条目的值替换为对该条目调用给定函数的结果，直到所有条目都被处理或该函数抛出异常。
int size()
返回此地图中键值映射的数量。
Collection<V> values()
返回此地图中包含的值的Collection视图。1.4 继承关系
java.lang.Object
↳ java.util.AbstractMap<K, V>
↳ java.util.HashMap<K, V>
public class HashMap<K,V>
extends AbstractMap<K,V>
implements Map<K,V>, Cloneable, Serializable { }
2、源代码
public class HashMap<K,V> extends AbstractMap<K,V>
implements Map<K,V>, Cloneable, Serializable {
//初始化容量
static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 1 << 4; // aka 16
//最大容量
static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;
//增长系数
static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;
//单向链表元素节点
static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
final int hash;
final K key;
V value;
Node<K,V> next;
Node(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) {
this.hash = hash;
this.key = key;
this.value = value;
this.next = next;
}
public final K getKey() { return key; }
public final V getValue() { return value; }
public final String toString() { return key + "=" + value; }
public final int hashCode() {
return Objects.hashCode(key) ^ Objects.hashCode(value);
}
public final V setValue(V newValue) {
V oldValue = value;
value = newValue;
return oldValue;
}
public final boolean equals(Object o) {
if (o == this)
return true;
if (o instanceof Map.Entry) {
Map.Entry<?,?> e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o;
if (Objects.equals(key, e.getKey()) &&
Objects.equals(value, e.getValue()))
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
//对key进行hash
static final int hash(Object key) {
int h;
return (key == null) ? 0 : (h = key.hashCode()) ^ (h >>> 16);
}
//如果x继承Comparable且Comparable的泛型是x的类型 返回x的类型
static Class<?> comparableClassFor(Object x) {
if (x instanceof Comparable) {
Class<?> c; Type[] ts, as; Type t; ParameterizedType p;
if ((c = x.getClass()) == String.class) // bypass checks
return c;
//获取x的接口(包括接口的泛型信息)
if ((ts = c.getGenericInterfaces()) != null) {
for (int i = 0; i < ts.length; ++i) {
if (((t = ts[i]) instanceof ParameterizedType) &&
((p = (ParameterizedType)t).getRawType() ==
Comparable.class) &&
//获取接口的泛型信息
(as = p.getActualTypeArguments()) != null &&
as.length == 1 && as[0] == c) // type arg is c
return c;
}
}
}
return null;
}
//获取大于cap最小的二次幂数值
static final int tableSizeFor(int cap) {
int n = cap - 1;
n |= n >>> 1;
n |= n >>> 2;
n |= n >>> 4;
n |= n >>> 8;
n |= n >>> 16;
return (n < 0) ? 1 : (n >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ? MAXIMUM_CAPACITY : n + 1;
}
//存储元素的数组，总是2的幂次倍数
transient Node<K,V>[] table;
//存放元素的集
transient Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet;
//元素的个数
transient int size;
//fail-fast
transient int modCount;
// 临界值 超过临界值，会进行扩容 临界值=总容量*填充因子
int threshold;
// 填充因子
final float loadFactor;
//带初始容量和扩充因子的构造
public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
if (initialCapacity < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " +
initialCapacity);
if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " +
loadFactor);
this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
this.threshold = tableSizeFor(initialCapacity);
}
//带初始容量的构造
public HashMap(int initialCapacity) {
this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
}
//默认构造
public HashMap() {
this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR; // all other fields defaulted
}
//构造一个新的 HashMap与指定的相同的映射 Map 。
public HashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR;
putMapEntries(m, false);
}
//将m放入HashMap
final void putMapEntries(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m, boolean evict) {
int s = m.size();
if (s > 0) {
//如果table未初始化
if (table == null) { // pre-size
//元素个数/填充因子=预计的容量
float ft = ((float)s / loadFactor) + 1.0F;
int t = ((ft < (float)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) ?
(int)ft : MAXIMUM_CAPACITY);
//如果大于临界值，
if (t > threshold)
//计算新的临界值
threshold = tableSizeFor(t);
}
else if (s > threshold)
//扩容
resize();
for (Map.Entry<? extends K, ? extends V> e : m.entrySet()) {
K key = e.getKey();
V value = e.getValue();
//将m的数据放入hashmap
putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, evict);
}
}
}
//根据键获取值
public V get(Object key) {
Node<K,V> e;
return (e = getNode(hash(key), key)) == null ? null : e.value;
}
//根据键获取值
final Node<K,V> getNode(int hash, Object key) {
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> first, e; int n; K k;
//如果table有值，且key所在桶中有值
if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
(first = tab[(n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
//如果第一个就是要找的 直接返回
if (first.hash == hash && // always check first node
((k = first.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
return first;
//如果桶中的节点数大于1个
if ((e = first.next) != null) {
//如果是红黑树
if (first instanceof TreeNode)
//通过树查找
return ((TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key);
//单链表的遍历、查找
do {
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
return e;
} while ((e = e.next) != null);
}
}
return null;
}
//存储键值对
public V put(K key, V value) {
return putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, true);
}
//放入键值对
//如果onlyIfAbsent=true 不能改变已存在的值 evict=false进入创建模式
final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent,
boolean evict) {
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, i;
//如果table未初始化，则使用resize初始化
if ((tab = table) == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
n = (tab = resize()).length;
//如果key的位置没有值，直接创建链表节点
//n-1为数组长度 hash为key的hash值
if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null)
tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
//如果hash碰撞
else {
Node<K,V> e; K k;
//如果key相同，将p赋给e
if (p.hash == hash &&
((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
e = p;
//如果是红黑树树
else if (p instanceof TreeNode)
//调用TreeNode的putTreeVal
e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value);
//链表结构
else {
for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) {
if ((e = p.next) == null) {
//插入链表尾
p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
//如果此链表的元素大于TREEIFY_THRESHOLD 则将链表转为红黑树
if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // -1 for 1st
treeifyBin(tab, hash);
break;
}
//如果在链表中找到key break；否则继续循环
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
break;
p = e;
}
}
//如果已经存在key
if (e != null) { // existing mapping for key
V oldValue = e.value;
//如果允许更改值或值为null 直接覆盖value值
if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null)
e.value = value;
afterNodeAccess(e);
return oldValue;
}
}
++modCount;
//如果元素个数大于临界值，则扩展
if (++size > threshold)
resize();
afterNodeInsertion(evict);
return null;
}
//扩展容量
final Node<K,V>[] resize() {
// 保存table对象
Node<K,V>[] oldTab = table;
int oldCap = (oldTab == null) ? 0 : oldTab.length;
//保存临界值
int oldThr = threshold;
int newCap, newThr = 0;
//如果之前HashMap容量大于0
if (oldCap > 0) {
//如果之前HashMap容量大于最大容量 直接返回table
if (oldCap >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
return oldTab;
}
//将容量*2 如果在允许范围内允许范围内，临界值也*2
else if ((newCap = oldCap << 1) < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY &&
oldCap >= DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY)
newThr = oldThr << 1; // double threshold
}
//为临界值赋值
else if (oldThr > 0) // initial capacity was placed in threshold
newCap = oldThr;
//初始容量和临界值
else { // zero initial threshold signifies using defaults
newCap = DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY;
newThr = (int)(DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR * DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY);
}
//threshold为Cap * loadFactor
if (newThr == 0) {
float ft = (float)newCap * loadFactor;
newThr = (newCap < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && ft < (float)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY ?
(int)ft : Integer.MAX_VALUE);
}
threshold = newThr;
@SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"})
//根据新容量，创建新数组
Node<K,V>[] newTab = (Node<K,V>[])new Node[newCap];
table = newTab;
if (oldTab != null) {
//for循环为新数组赋值
for (int j = 0; j < oldCap; ++j) {
Node<K,V> e;
//如果原数组j位置不为null，保存为临时变量e
if ((e = oldTab[j]) != null) {
//赋为null 进行释放
oldTab[j] = null;
//如果j位置只有一个元素 直接根据新容量找到位置并赋值
if (e.next == null)
newTab[e.hash & (newCap - 1)] = e;
//如果是红黑树
else if (e instanceof TreeNode)
((TreeNode<K,V>)e).split(this, newTab, j, oldCap);
//如果是链表 如果(e.hash & oldCap)==0 将元素放在原位置，否则偏移oldCap 不是很明白原因
else { // preserve order
Node<K,V> loHead = null, loTail = null;
Node<K,V> hiHead = null, hiTail = null;
Node<K,V> next;
do {
next = e.next;
if ((e.hash & oldCap) == 0) {
if (loTail == null)
loHead = e;
else
loTail.next = e;
loTail = e;
}
else {
if (hiTail == null)
hiHead = e;
else
hiTail.next = e;
hiTail = e;
}
} while ((e = next) != null);
if (loTail != null) {
loTail.next = null;
newTab[j] = loHead;
}
if (hiTail != null) {
hiTail.next = null;
newTab[j + oldCap] = hiHead;
}
}
}
}
}
return newTab;
}
//链表转为树结构
final void treeifyBin(Node<K,V>[] tab, int hash) {
int n, index; Node<K,V> e;
//如果容量太小 直接扩展
if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) < MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY)
resize();
else if ((e = tab[index = (n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
TreeNode<K,V> hd = null, tl = null;
do {
//将Node转换为TreeNode
TreeNode<K,V> p = replacementTreeNode(e, null);
if (tl == null)
hd = p;
else {
p.prev = tl;
tl.next = p;
}
tl = p;
} while ((e = e.next) != null);
if ((tab[index] = hd) != null)
//转换为红黑树结构
hd.treeify(tab);
}
}
//移除
public V remove(Object key) {
Node<K,V> e;
return (e = removeNode(hash(key), key, null, false, true)) == null ?
null : e.value;
}
//移除节点的具体操作
final Node<K,V> removeNode(int hash, Object key, Object value,
boolean matchValue, boolean movable) {
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, index;
//找到key对应的节点
if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
(p = tab[index = (n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
Node<K,V> node = null, e; K k; V v;
if (p.hash == hash &&
((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
node = p;
else if ((e = p.next) != null) {
if (p instanceof TreeNode)
node = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).getTreeNode(hash, key);
else {
do {
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key ||
(key != null && key.equals(k)))) {
node = e;
break;
}
p = e;
} while ((e = e.next) != null);
}
}
//移除
if (node != null && (!matchValue || (v = node.value) == value ||
(value != null && value.equals(v)))) {
if (node instanceof TreeNode)
((TreeNode<K,V>)node).removeTreeNode(this, tab, movable);
else if (node == p)
tab[index] = node.next;
else
p.next = node.next;
++modCount;
--size;
afterNodeRemoval(node);
return node;
}
}
return null;
}
//返回“key的集合”，实际上返回一个“KeySet对象”
public Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet() {
Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> es;
return (es = entrySet) == null ? (entrySet = new EntrySet()) : es;
}
//返回“key的集合”，实际上返回一个“KeySet对象”
final class EntrySet extends AbstractSet<Map.Entry<K,V>> {
public final int size() { return size; }
public final void clear() { HashMap.this.clear(); }
public final Iterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> iterator() {
return new EntryIterator();
}
public final boolean contains(Object o) {
if (!(o instanceof Map.Entry))
return false;
Map.Entry<?,?> e = (Map.Entry<?,?>) o;
Object key = e.getKey();
Node<K,V> candidate = getNode(hash(key), key);
return candidate != null && candidate.equals(e);
}
public final boolean remove(Object o) {
if (o instanceof Map.Entry) {
Map.Entry<?,?> e = (Map.Entry<?,?>) o;
Object key = e.getKey();
Object value = e.getValue();
return removeNode(hash(key), key, value, true, true) != null;
}
return false;
}
public final Spliterator<Map.Entry<K,V>> spliterator() {
return new EntrySpliterator<>(HashMap.this, 0, -1, 0, 0);
}
public final void forEach(Consumer<? super Map.Entry<K,V>> action) {
Node<K,V>[] tab;
if (action == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
if (size > 0 && (tab = table) != null) {
int mc = modCount;
for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; ++i) {
for (Node<K,V> e = tab[i]; e != null; e = e.next)
action.accept(e);
}
if (modCount != mc)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
}
}TreeNode 红黑树部分
参照：http://blog.csdn.net/with_dream/article/details/77012542
static final class TreeNode<K,V> extends LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> {
TreeNode<K,V> parent; // red-black tree links
TreeNode<K,V> left;
TreeNode<K,V> right;
TreeNode<K,V> prev; // needed to unlink next upon deletion
boolean red;
TreeNode(int hash, K key, V val, Node<K,V> next) {
super(hash, key, val, next);
}
/**
* Returns root of tree containing this node.
*/
//只有根元素的父节点为null
final TreeNode<K,V> root() {
for (TreeNode<K,V> r = this, p;;) {
if ((p = r.parent) == null)
return r;
r = p;
}
}
/**
* Ensures that the given root is the first node of its bin.
*/
static <K,V> void moveRootToFront(Node<K,V>[] tab, TreeNode<K,V> root) {
int n;
if (root != null && tab != null && (n = tab.length) > 0) {
int index = (n - 1) & root.hash;
TreeNode<K,V> first = (TreeNode<K,V>)tab[index];
if (root != first) {
Node<K,V> rn;
tab[index] = root;
TreeNode<K,V> rp = root.prev;
if ((rn = root.next) != null)
((TreeNode<K,V>)rn).prev = rp;
if (rp != null)
rp.next = rn;
if (first != null)
first.prev = root;
root.next = first;
root.prev = null;
}
assert checkInvariants(root);
}
}
/**
* Finds the node starting at root p with the given hash and key.
* The kc argument caches comparableClassFor(key) upon first use
* comparing keys.
*/
final TreeNode<K,V> find(int h, Object k, Class<?> kc) {
TreeNode<K,V> p = this;
do {
int ph, dir; K pk;
TreeNode<K,V> pl = p.left, pr = p.right, q;
if ((ph = p.hash) > h)
p = pl;
else if (ph < h)
p = pr;
else if ((pk = p.key) == k || (k != null && k.equals(pk)))
return p;
else if (pl == null)
p = pr;
else if (pr == null)
p = pl;
else if ((kc != null ||
(kc = comparableClassFor(k)) != null) &&
(dir = compareComparables(kc, k, pk)) != 0)
p = (dir < 0) ? pl : pr;
else if ((q = pr.find(h, k, kc)) != null)
return q;
else
p = pl;
} while (p != null);
return null;
}
/**
* Calls find for root node.
*/
final TreeNode<K,V> getTreeNode(int h, Object k) {
return ((parent != null) ? root() : this).find(h, k, null);
}
/**
* Tie-breaking utility for ordering insertions when equal
* hashCodes and non-comparable. We don't require a total
* order, just a consistent insertion rule to maintain
* equivalence across rebalancings. Tie-breaking further than
* necessary simplifies testing a bit.
*/
static int tieBreakOrder(Object a, Object b) {
int d;
if (a == null || b == null ||
(d = a.getClass().getName().
compareTo(b.getClass().getName())) == 0)
d = (System.identityHashCode(a) <= System.identityHashCode(b) ?
-1 : 1);
return d;
}
/**
* Forms tree of the nodes linked from this node.
* @return root of tree
*/
//链表转红黑树
final void treeify(Node<K,V>[] tab) {
TreeNode<K,V> root = null;
//this为链表首元素
//循环整个链表
for (TreeNode<K,V> x = this, next; x != null; x = next) {
next = (TreeNode<K,V>)x.next;
x.left = x.right = null;
//将第一个元素赋为root
if (root == null) {
x.parent = null;
x.red = false;
root = x;
}
else {
K k = x.key;
int h = x.hash;
Class<?> kc = null;
//在红黑树中遍历
for (TreeNode<K,V> p = root;;) {
int dir, ph;
K pk = p.key;
//根据hash判断大小
if ((ph = p.hash) > h)
dir = -1;
else if (ph < h)
dir = 1;
else if ((kc == null &&
(kc = comparableClassFor(k)) == null) ||
(dir = compareComparables(kc, k, pk)) == 0)
dir = tieBreakOrder(k, pk);
TreeNode<K,V> xp = p;
//插入叶子位置
if ((p = (dir <= 0) ? p.left : p.right) == null) {
x.parent = xp;
if (dir <= 0)
xp.left = x;
else
xp.right = x;
//修正红黑树
root = balanceInsertion(root, x);
break;
}
}
}
}
moveRootToFront(tab, root);
}
/**
* Returns a list of non-TreeNodes replacing those linked from
* this node.
*/
//TreeNode转换为Node
final Node<K,V> untreeify(HashMap<K,V> map) {
Node<K,V> hd = null, tl = null;
for (Node<K,V> q = this; q != null; q = q.next) {
Node<K,V> p = map.replacementNode(q, null);
if (tl == null)
hd = p;
else
tl.next = p;
tl = p;
}
return hd;
}
/**
* Tree version of putVal.
*/
//向红黑树插入元素
final TreeNode<K,V> putTreeVal(HashMap<K,V> map, Node<K,V>[] tab,
int h, K k, V v) {
Class<?> kc = null;
boolean searched = false;
TreeNode<K,V> root = (parent != null) ? root() : this;
//遍历
for (TreeNode<K,V> p = root;;) {
int dir, ph; K pk;
//比较hash值
if ((ph = p.hash) > h)
dir = -1;
else if (ph < h)
dir = 1;
//如果键相同 直接返回元素
else if ((pk = p.key) == k || (k != null && k.equals(pk)))
return p;
//没看懂
else if ((kc == null &&
(kc = comparableClassFor(k)) == null) ||
(dir = compareComparables(kc, k, pk)) == 0) {
if (!searched) {
TreeNode<K,V> q, ch;
searched = true;
if (((ch = p.left) != null &&
(q = ch.find(h, k, kc)) != null) ||
((ch = p.right) != null &&
(q = ch.find(h, k, kc)) != null))
return q;
}
dir = tieBreakOrder(k, pk);
}
TreeNode<K,V> xp = p;
if ((p = (dir <= 0) ? p.left : p.right) == null) {
Node<K,V> xpn = xp.next;
//新建TreeNode
TreeNode<K,V> x = map.newTreeNode(h, k, v, xpn);
//追加
if (dir <= 0)
xp.left = x;
else
xp.right = x;
xp.next = x;
x.parent = x.prev = xp;
if (xpn != null)
((TreeNode<K,V>)xpn).prev = x;
//调用balanceInsertion插入，并将root放入桶中
moveRootToFront(tab, balanceInsertion(root, x));
return null;
}
}
}
/**
* Removes the given node, that must be present before this call.
* This is messier than typical red-black deletion code because we
* cannot swap the contents of an interior node with a leaf
* successor that is pinned by "next" pointers that are accessible
* independently during traversal. So instead we swap the tree
* linkages. If the current tree appears to have too few nodes,
* the bin is converted back to a plain bin. (The test triggers
* somewhere between 2 and 6 nodes, depending on tree structure).
*/
final void removeTreeNode(HashMap<K,V> map, Node<K,V>[] tab,
boolean movable) {
int n;
if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
return;
int index = (n - 1) & hash;
TreeNode<K,V> first = (TreeNode<K,V>)tab[index], root = first, rl;
TreeNode<K,V> succ = (TreeNode<K,V>)next, pred = prev;
if (pred == null)
tab[index] = first = succ;
else
pred.next = succ;
if (succ != null)
succ.prev = pred;
if (first == null)
return;
if (root.parent != null)
root = root.root();
if (root == null || root.right == null ||
(rl = root.left) == null || rl.left == null) {
tab[index] = first.untreeify(map); // too small
return;
}
TreeNode<K,V> p = this, pl = left, pr = right, replacement;
if (pl != null && pr != null) {
TreeNode<K,V> s = pr, sl;
while ((sl = s.left) != null) // find successor
s = sl;
boolean c = s.red; s.red = p.red; p.red = c; // swap colors
TreeNode<K,V> sr = s.right;
TreeNode<K,V> pp = p.parent;
if (s == pr) { // p was s's direct parent
p.parent = s;
s.right = p;
}
else {
TreeNode<K,V> sp = s.parent;
if ((p.parent = sp) != null) {
if (s == sp.left)
sp.left = p;
else
sp.right = p;
}
if ((s.right = pr) != null)
pr.parent = s;
}
p.left = null;
if ((p.right = sr) != null)
sr.parent = p;
if ((s.left = pl) != null)
pl.parent = s;
if ((s.parent = pp) == null)
root = s;
else if (p == pp.left)
pp.left = s;
else
pp.right = s;
if (sr != null)
replacement = sr;
else
replacement = p;
}
else if (pl != null)
replacement = pl;
else if (pr != null)
replacement = pr;
else
replacement = p;
if (replacement != p) {
TreeNode<K,V> pp = replacement.parent = p.parent;
if (pp == null)
root = replacement;
else if (p == pp.left)
pp.left = replacement;
else
pp.right = replacement;
p.left = p.right = p.parent = null;
}
TreeNode<K,V> r = p.red ? root : balanceDeletion(root, replacement);
if (replacement == p) { // detach
TreeNode<K,V> pp = p.parent;
p.parent = null;
if (pp != null) {
if (p == pp.left)
pp.left = null;
else if (p == pp.right)
pp.right = null;
}
}
if (movable)
moveRootToFront(tab, r);
}
/**
* Splits nodes in a tree bin into lower and upper tree bins,
* or untreeifies if now too small. Called only from resize;
* see above discussion about split bits and indices.
*
* @param map the map
* @param tab the table for recording bin heads
* @param index the index of the table being split
* @param bit the bit of hash to split on
*/
final void split(HashMap<K,V> map, Node<K,V>[] tab, int index, int bit) {
TreeNode<K,V> b = this;
// Relink into lo and hi lists, preserving order
TreeNode<K,V> loHead = null, loTail = null;
TreeNode<K,V> hiHead = null, hiTail = null;
int lc = 0, hc = 0;
for (TreeNode<K,V> e = b, next; e != null; e = next) {
next = (TreeNode<K,V>)e.next;
e.next = null;
if ((e.hash & bit) == 0) {
if ((e.prev = loTail) == null)
loHead = e;
else
loTail.next = e;
loTail = e;
++lc;
}
else {
if ((e.prev = hiTail) == null)
hiHead = e;
else
hiTail.next = e;
hiTail = e;
++hc;
}
}
if (loHead != null) {
if (lc <= UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
tab[index] = loHead.untreeify(map);
else {
tab[index] = loHead;
if (hiHead != null) // (else is already treeified)
loHead.treeify(tab);
}
}
if (hiHead != null) {
if (hc <= UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD)
tab[index + bit] = hiHead.untreeify(map);
else {
tab[index + bit] = hiHead;
if (loHead != null)
hiHead.treeify(tab);
}
}
}
/* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
// Red-black tree methods, all adapted from CLR
//左旋转
static <K,V> TreeNode<K,V> rotateLeft(TreeNode<K,V> root,
TreeNode<K,V> p) {
TreeNode<K,V> r, pp, rl;
if (p != null && (r = p.right) != null) {
if ((rl = p.right = r.left) != null)
rl.parent = p;
if ((pp = r.parent = p.parent) == null)
(root = r).red = false;
else if (pp.left == p)
pp.left = r;
else
pp.right = r;
r.left = p;
p.parent = r;
}
return root;
}
//右旋转
static <K,V> TreeNode<K,V> rotateRight(TreeNode<K,V> root,
TreeNode<K,V> p) {
TreeNode<K,V> l, pp, lr;
if (p != null && (l = p.left) != null) {
if ((lr = p.left = l.right) != null)
lr.parent = p;
if ((pp = l.parent = p.parent) == null)
(root = l).red = false;
else if (pp.right == p)
pp.right = l;
else
pp.left = l;
l.right = p;
p.parent = l;
}
return root;
}
//调整红黑树
static <K,V> TreeNode<K,V> balanceInsertion(TreeNode<K,V> root,
TreeNode<K,V> x) {
x.red = true;
for (TreeNode<K,V> xp, xpp, xppl, xppr;;) {
//如果只有一个元素 直接返回
if ((xp = x.parent) == null) {
x.red = false;
return x;
}
//如果
else if (!xp.red || (xpp = xp.parent) == null)
return root;
//一、若“父节点”是“祖父节点的左孩子”
if (xp == (xppl = xpp.left)) {
//如果叔叔节点是红色 则父节点、叔叔节点都为黑，祖父节点为红
if ((xppr = xpp.right) != null && xppr.red) {
xppr.red = false;
xp.red = false;
xpp.red = true;
x = xpp;
}
else {
//如果当前节点为右节点 则左转换
if (x == xp.right) {
root = rotateLeft(root, x = xp);
xpp = (xp = x.parent) == null ? null : xp.parent;
}
//右旋转
if (xp != null) {
xp.red = false;
if (xpp != null) {
xpp.red = true;
root = rotateRight(root, xpp);
}
}
}
}
else {
if (xppl != null && xppl.red) {
xppl.red = false;
xp.red = false;
xpp.red = true;
x = xpp;
}
else {
if (x == xp.left) {
root = rotateRight(root, x = xp);
xpp = (xp = x.parent) == null ? null : xp.parent;
}
if (xp != null) {
xp.red = false;
if (xpp != null) {
xpp.red = true;
root = rotateLeft(root, xpp);
}
}
}
}
}
}
//红黑树的删除操作
static <K,V> TreeNode<K,V> balanceDeletion(TreeNode<K,V> root,
TreeNode<K,V> x) {
for (TreeNode<K,V> xp, xpl, xpr;;) {
if (x == null || x == root)
return root;
else if ((xp = x.parent) == null) {
x.red = false;
return x;
}
else if (x.red) {
x.red = false;
return root;
}
else if ((xpl = xp.left) == x) {
if ((xpr = xp.right) != null && xpr.red) {
xpr.red = false;
xp.red = true;
root = rotateLeft(root, xp);
xpr = (xp = x.parent) == null ? null : xp.right;
}
if (xpr == null)
x = xp;
else {
TreeNode<K,V> sl = xpr.left, sr = xpr.right;
if ((sr == null || !sr.red) &&
(sl == null || !sl.red)) {
xpr.red = true;
x = xp;
}
else {
if (sr == null || !sr.red) {
if (sl != null)
sl.red = false;
xpr.red = true;
root = rotateRight(root, xpr);
xpr = (xp = x.parent) == null ?
null : xp.right;
}
if (xpr != null) {
xpr.red = (xp == null) ? false : xp.red;
if ((sr = xpr.right) != null)
sr.red = false;
}
if (xp != null) {
xp.red = false;
root = rotateLeft(root, xp);
}
x = root;
}
}
}
else { // symmetric
if (xpl != null && xpl.red) {
xpl.red = false;
xp.red = true;
root = rotateRight(root, xp);
xpl = (xp = x.parent) == null ? null : xp.left;
}
if (xpl == null)
x = xp;
else {
TreeNode<K,V> sl = xpl.left, sr = xpl.right;
if ((sl == null || !sl.red) &&
(sr == null || !sr.red)) {
xpl.red = true;
x = xp;
}
else {
if (sl == null || !sl.red) {
if (sr != null)
sr.red = false;
xpl.red = true;
root = rotateLeft(root, xpl);
xpl = (xp = x.parent) == null ?
null : xp.left;
}
if (xpl != null) {
xpl.red = (xp == null) ? false : xp.red;
if ((sl = xpl.left) != null)
sl.red = false;
}
if (xp != null) {
xp.red = false;
root = rotateRight(root, xp);
}
x = root;
}
}
}
}
}
/**
* Recursive invariant check
*/
static <K,V> boolean checkInvariants(TreeNode<K,V> t) {
TreeNode<K,V> tp = t.parent, tl = t.left, tr = t.right,
tb = t.prev, tn = (TreeNode<K,V>)t.next;
if (tb != null && tb.next != t)
return false;
if (tn != null && tn.prev != t)
return false;
if (tp != null && t != tp.left && t != tp.right)
return false;
if (tl != null && (tl.parent != t || tl.hash > t.hash))
return false;
if (tr != null && (tr.parent != t || tr.hash < t.hash))
return false;
if (t.red && tl != null && tl.red && tr != null && tr.red)
return false;
if (tl != null && !checkInvariants(tl))
return false;
if (tr != null && !checkInvariants(tr))
return false;
return true;
}
}2.2 主要方法
2.2.1 put
2.3 遍历
public static void main(String[] args) {
Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
//使用EntrySet遍历 //如果需要遍历key和set 推荐使用
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : map.entrySet()) {
entry.getKey();
entry.getValue();
}
//迭代器
Iterator<Map.Entry<String, String>> iterator = map.entrySet().iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
Map.Entry<String, String> entry = iterator.next();
entry.getKey();
entry.getValue();
}
//keySet的到key的集 再foreach //如果只遍历key 推荐使用
for (String key : map.keySet()) {
map.get(key);
}
//
Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> entrySet = map.entrySet();
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : entrySet) {
entry.getKey();
entry.getValue();
}
}3、总结
3.1 HashMap的数据结构为散列表，如果有碰撞，会将碰撞的元素构建为单链表的形式。如果链表长度大于8且容量大于64，会将链表结构转换为红黑树结构。
如果红黑树的个数减小到小于6，则会将红黑树再次转换为链表结构
1.8才有红黑树，之前只是单链表
3.2 HashMap的扩容每次都是原容量*2(在resize中)，扩容之后需要重新散列计算位置并赋值，对链表或树进行调整，很消耗性能。所以最好选择一个合适大小的容量
3.3 HashMap的table数组下标为int类型，所以最大可以盛放2^32个数据。但是内存无法盛放如此多的数据，所以计算桶的位置时使用(n - 1) & hash，n为数组的总长度。
n总是2的次方(resize方法中)，所以n-1使低n-1位全为1。与上hash可以抹去hash的高位，保证(n - 1) & hash的位置总是落在0~n的范围内
hash值只使用低位，增加了碰撞的几率，所以使用扰动函数即hash方法，使hash值均匀分布
static final int hash(Object key) {
int h;
return (key == null) ? 0 : (h = key.hashCode()) ^ (h >>> 16);
}
参考：https://www.zhihu.com/question/20733617
3.4 HashMap的扩容是根据threshold，threshold=容量*填充因子。当元素个数大于threshold，就会进行扩充。
3.5 HashMap不是线程安全的，如果在多线程下使用需要加锁或者使用线程安全的Map。
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